Optimal Positioning of Small Cells for Coverage and Cost Efficient 5G Network Deployment: A Smart Simulated Annealing Approach

With the escalating load on the current 4G network, the requirement for moving up to 5G has shown up. The deployment of a 5G network would deliver the end-users a wide spectrum of technologies. But a random deployment of 5G small cell towers to attain better coverage leads to a high increase in cost, an increase in interference, and also a decrease in resource utilization. To solve this Hyper Dense Deployment Problem (HDDP), a Smart Simulated Annealing algorithm with a heuristic to remove excessive small cells and a heuristic to displace the small cells to achieve greater coverage, is adopted. Two different approaches of displacement are considered, Random Displacement Approach and Probed Displacement Approach. The methodology enhances and optimizes the deployment while taking geospatial entities like vegetation, buildings, road networks, etc. into consideration. The newly devised strategy minimizes the cost, optimizes coverage, and thus enables greater resource utilization. The two approaches to the above methodology are evaluated and compared. The implementation results show that the results in the Probed Displacement Approach are better and have less variation than the results generated in Random Displacement Approach.