Application of 3D City Model and Method of Create of 3D Model- A Review Paper

In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In the past, the virtual 3D models are being built using primary materials, (e.g. wood), because of the flexibility and easy handling of this material, where the measurements are taken in traditional methods, so that the work is done in direct contact with the target [2]. However, with the advancement and development of techniques, the virtual 3D models are produced by computer-aided design and by using of auxiliary software's such as, AutoCAD but with manual measurements[8]. To overcome these difficulties, many techniques and remote sensing devices have been developed. These techniques are considered as the leaders in this respect and are commonly used in extracting 3D models nowadays such as photogrammetry and Light detection and ranging (Lidar). These techniques provide lots of information with high accuracy standards and reliability without direct contact with the real world (except for assessment and validation purposes). In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources.