Application of test effectiveness in spacecraft testing

This article summarizes test design practices of selected NASA Centers and prime contractors as they are used to evaluate the performance and reliability of space mission payloads. It also reports the use of previous relevant test experience to avoid risk in the design of future spacecraft and enhance test programs. Test effectiveness (TE) is defined as the ability of a test to accurately emulate the expected mission environment, and reliably detect failure causing defects before launch. These twin objectives determine the value of a test program relative to project funding.