附属身份作为犹太文学课程的设计工具

David Hadar, R. Emerson
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摘要

我的书《美国犹太文学中的附属身份》为理解作家的犹太身份提供了一个框架附属身份的基本论点是,犹太作家经常通过展示与其他犹太作家的联系来建立、塑造和维持他们作为犹太人的公共身份。这种网络的大部分都是作为文学作品的一部分发生的。我认为,这一框架对于高等教育中的犹太文学教学,特别是作为一种跨国多语言现象的犹太文学教学具有高度的相关性。在这篇短文中,我将建议教师可以使用这个想法作为设计课程或课程部分的工具。因此,犹太文学的教学可以围绕某个作者的文学关系网络进行规划。至少在我关注的美国的例子中,这些联系往往是国际性的,而不是局限于一个国家的标准(甚至是语言标准)。因此,围绕犹太文学网络的概念设计课程,也将以一种比简单地用多种语言对“最好的”犹太作品进行调查更有机的方式,建立犹太文学的多语言和跨越边界的性质。此外,犹太作家也将自己与非犹太作家联系起来。跟随这些链接可以帮助我们了解犹太文字是如何融入非犹太民族和语言传统的。让我举两个美国的例子来说明我的意思。本课程的理念是,将一位作者或一篇文章作为文学网络的中心节点,然后探索(或让学生探索)从这个中心节点上被删除过一两次的其他文章或作者。在第一个例子中,中心是一个作者,而在第二个例子中,中心是一部小说,它将作者与其他作家联系起来。艾玛·拉撒路通常被认为是美国犹太文学的奠基人。她并不是一个家喻户晓的名字,但她写的三句诗却是美国诗歌中最著名的几句。它们来自“新巨像”,一首献给自由女神像的诗:“给我你的疲惫,你的贫穷,/你蜷缩在一起渴望自由呼吸的群众,/你拥挤的海岸的可怜的垃圾”(拉撒路2005,48-9)。拉撒路是德国犹太人和西班牙人的后裔。在她出生前,她的父母双方都生活在美国,并在很大程度上被同化了。在她事业之初,她
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Affiliated Identities as a Design Tool for a Jewish Literature Course
My book Affiliated Identities in Jewish American Literature suggests a framework for understanding writers’ Jewish identity.1 The basic argument of Affiliated Identities is that Jewish writers often build, shape, and maintain their public identities as Jews by way of exhibiting ties with other Jewish writers. Much of this networking takes place as part of works of literature. I believe that this framework is highly pertinent for the pedagogy of Jewish literature in higher education, especially Jewish literature as a transnational multi-lingual phenomenon. In this short paper, I will suggest that instructors can use this idea as tool for designing courses or segments of courses. Thus, the teaching of Jewish literature can be planned around a certain author’s network of literary affiliations. At least in the American case, which was my focus, these ties are often international rather than restricted to a national canon (or even to a linguistic one). Thus, designing courses around the concept of Jewish literary networking will also establish Jewish literature’s multi-lingual and border-crossing nature in a way that is more organic than simply deploying a survey of “the best of” Jewish writing in a plethora of languages. Furthermore, Jewish writers also connect themselves to non-Jewish writers. Following these links can help show how Jewish writing is embedded in non-Jewish national and linguistic traditions. Let me give two American examples for what I mean. The idea of the course is to have an author or a text as the central node of a literary network and then explore (or let students explore) the other texts or authors that are once or twice removed from this central node. In the first example the center is an author, while in the second example it is a novel that works to connect its authors to other writers. Emma Lazarus is often credited as the founding mother of Jewish American literature. She is hardly a household name, but three lines she wrote are some of the most well-known lines in American poetry. They come from “The New Colossus,” a poem dedicated to The Statue of Liberty: “Give me your tired, your poor,/ Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,/The wretched refuse of your teeming shore” (Lazarus 2005, 48–9). Lazarus comes from a German Jewish and Sephardi heritage. Both sides of her family have lived in America before she was born and were largely assimilated. At the beginning of her career she
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