浅析联合国维和是巴基斯坦的软实力资产

Ume Farwa, Ghazanfar Ali Garewal
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摘要

吸引和赞赏的力量是软实力。一般来说,人们认为硬实力不能产生软实力,但军事在人道主义危机和冲突中的保护作用通过具体说明其背景和有效利用,否定了这种普遍存在的误解;硬实力资产可以转化为软实力资源。本文认为,联合国维和任务是软实力的来源,巴基斯坦作为这一领域的积极参与者,可以利用这一资产来塑造其他国家的偏好。总的来说,它确实赢得了国际社会的钦佩,并通过维和行动在国外建立了自己的软形象。巴基斯坦蓝盔部队不仅赢得了冲突地区人民的钦佩和赞赏,也赢得了国际社会的赞扬。然而,这个国家在多大程度上利用这种软实力资产在全球舞台上行使其影响力仍存在争议。尽管巴基斯坦的联合国维和行动一直是建立该国软形象的一个工具,但它的宣传方式远没有那么有效。维持和平可以作为加强国家在国际和区域组织中的存在和参与水平的一种手段。通过将软实力战略与公共外交相结合的有效应用,巴基斯坦的联合国维和行动可以为该国提供一个平台,使其能够有效地投射其叙事,并巧妙地发挥其影响力。
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An Analysis of UN Peacekeeping as Pakistan’s Soft Power Asset
The power of attraction and admiration is soft power. Generally, it is perceived that hard power cannot generate soft power, but the protective role of military in humanitarian crises and conflicts negates this prevailing misperception by specifying their contexts and effective utilizations; hard power assets can be transformed into soft power resources. This paper argues that the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions are the source of soft power and Pakistan, being an active participant in this field, can utilize this asset for shaping the preferences of others. Overall, it did earn admiration from international community and managed to build its soft image abroad through peacekeeping missions. Pakistani blue helmets not only earned the admiration and appreciation of the people of the conflict-zones and earned praises, but from international community also. However, to what extent has the country utilized this asset of soft power to exercise its influence in the global arena remains debatable. Although Pakistan’s UN Peacekeeping missions have been an instrument of building the country’s soft image, it is publicized in a far less productive manner. Peacekeeping can be used as a means to enhance the country’s presence and the level of participation in both international and regional organizations. By effective application of soft power strategy in tandem with public diplomacy, Pakistan’s UN peacekeeping can provide the country with the platform where its narratives can be projected effectively and its influence can be exercised adroitly.
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