Fabrication and Electrical Performance of Monolithic Dye-sensitized Solar Module with Low-Temperature Carbon-based Counter Electrode

A monolithic dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) module with a low temperature carbon based counter electrode has been fabricated using screen printing technique. Each monolithic DSC consists of a layer of TiO2 and dye molecules as working electrode, ZrO2 spacer layer and a counter electrode. The design of the module itself contains seven monolithic gridtype cells that were internally integrated in series connection with a total active area of 70 cm2. In this work, the electrical performance of the module was analyzed through the measurement of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The monolithic DSC module obtained a photoconversion efficiency of 0.36 % with a short-circuit current of 13.52 mA, an opencircuit voltage of 4.05 V, and a power output of 12.52 mW. The stability of the module was studied by repeating the measurement after 20 days, and the results showed a significant decrease in the electrical performance. Further research related to the sealing technique is therefore required to address the stability issue.