中等职业教育现代化在国家资格制度发展的背景下

A. Faktorovich
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2021年3月,俄罗斯联邦总统下属的国家职业资格委员会批准了《到2030年俄罗斯联邦国家资格体系发展战略》。几乎与此同时,批准了俄罗斯联邦到2030年社会经济发展倡议清单,其中一个特殊的地方属于“Professionalitet”项目,该项目涉及中等职业教育的大规模转型。这些文件所概述的优先事项的巧合成为研究利用国家资格制度工具成功执行“Professionalitet”项目的可能性的基础。分析了中等职业教育在过去十到十五年间的改革措施,其目的是确保毕业生的素质符合经济的要求。对监测研究和专家评估数据的研究得出的结论是,作为实验的结果,在培训熟练工人和中级专家方面有一些成功的做法,但是,就整个系统而言,结果证明效果比预期的要温和。报告显示,由于“专业人才”项目是根据以前的主动行动的经验而制订的,应该对工作人员短缺问题提供系统的解决办法,因此在整个国家资格制度的发展范围之外考虑其执行是不适当的。作为试验的一部分,应该制定一种培训工作人员的新方法,这意味着对专业教育机构的工作采取更灵活的原则,并让企业代表积极参与教育项目。如果州政府与雇主、专业团体和教育机构互动,这是可能的。这种相互作用的机制已经形成,并在国家资格制度的框架内继续发展。结合具体实例,探讨了如何运用国家资格制度的工具,确定对“职业化”教育项目的成果、内容、掌握条件的要求,评估其实施的质量,确保学生获得和确认雇主可以理解和劳动力市场需要的资格的权利。
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Modernization of secondary vocational education in the context of the development of the national system of qualifications
In March 2021, the National Council for Professional Qualifications under the President of the Russian Federation approved the Strategy for the Development of the National Qualifications System of the Russian Federation until 2030. Almost at the same time, the List of initiatives for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030 was approved, among which a special place belongs to the project “Professionalitet”, which involves a large-scale transformation of secondary vocational education. The coincidence of the priorities outlined by the documents became the basis for studying the possibilities of using the tools of the national qualifications system for the successful implementation of the “Professionalitet” project.An analysis of measures to reform secondary vocational education over the past ten to fifteen years is given, the purpose of which is to ensure that the qualifications of graduates meet the requirements of the economy. The study of the data of monitoring studies, expert assessments led to the conclusion that as a result of the experiments there were some successful practices for the training of skilled workers and mid-level specialists, however, for the system as a whole, the effects turned out to be more modest than expected.It is shown that, since the project “Professionalitet”, based on the experience of previous initiatives, should offer a systematic solution to the problem of staff shortages, it is inappropriate to consider its implementation outside the context of the development of the national qualifications system as a whole. As part of the experiment, a new approach to the training of working personnel should be developed, which implies more flexible principles for the work of professional educational organizations, and the active involvement of business representatives in educational programs. This is possible if the state interacts with employers, the professional community, and educational organizations. Mechanisms for such interaction have been formed and continue to develop within the framework of the national qualifications system.On specific examples, it is considered how the tools of the national qualifications system can be used to determine the requirements for the results, content, terms of mastering the educational programs “Professionalitet”, assessing the quality of their implementation, ensuring the right of students to receive and confirm qualifications that are understandable to employers and in demand on the labor market.
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