A Game Theory-Based Bargaining Model between Electric Vehicles and the Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

The increasing market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) has brought many challenges to the operation of power systems. It is essential to find a way to properly guide EVs’ charging and discharging behaviors and motivate the EVs with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) potential to participate in the scheduling. This paper proposes a game-based bargaining model for trading between EVs and the hybrid AC/DC microgrid. In this model, EVs act as followers and aim to find the optimal charging and discharging solution that maximizes the payoff function while satisfying the orderly charging and discharging constraints. The hybrid AC/DC microgrid takes the leader position and sets the trading price with the objective of minimizing its operation cost. The model is solved iteratively to obtain the Nash equilibrium. A case study has been carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.