中欧和东欧中小企业的创新能力

A. Wierzbicka, Magdalena Owczarczuk
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摘要

目标-中小企业部门被认为是经济发展的推动力。关于这一主题的文献越来越强调,中小企业是经济转型的启动者,因为它们在实施创新方面发挥着至关重要的作用,从而有可能提高其竞争成功。本文的目的是评估中东欧国家中小企业的创新水平(创新活动)。研究方法——本文包含了对创新措施和指标的分析,包括(除其他外)被归类为创新企业的份额、研发支出水平、研究人员数量和公司实施的创新数量。本文验证了两个研究假设:H1:中东欧中小企业创新能力日益增强;H2:中东欧国家中小企业创新水平差异显著。为了达到我们的目的并验证研究假设,我们使用了欧盟统计局或欧盟委员会发布的公开数据和指标。这项研究涵盖了中欧和东欧的欧盟成员国:捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克和斯洛文尼亚。得分/结果-所提供的统计数据表明,中东欧国家中小企业的创新能力正在增强。越来越多的中小企业可以被归类为创新型企业。企业的自主研发支出和非研发创新支出也在不断上升。中东欧国家中小企业聘用的科学家和研发人员数量显著增加。然而,应该强调的是,这些国家在中小企业部门的创新水平方面差别很大。原创性/价值-对该主题的文献回顾和进行的分析突出了衡量创新和数据可用性的严重问题,特别是关于中小企业的问题。另一方面,获得的结果使确定未来研究项目感兴趣的领域成为可能。其中,中东欧国家中小企业创新差异的原因值得特别关注。
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Innovativeness of Small and Medium Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe
Goal – the sector of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is considered a driving force for economic development. The literature on the subject increasingly emphasises that it is SMEs that initiate transformation of an economy as they play a crucial role in implementing innovations that make it possible to enhance its competitive success. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of innovativeness (innovative activity) of small and medium enterprises in CEE countries. Research methodology – the article contains an analysis of innovation measures and indicators, including (among others) the share of enterprises classified as innovative, the level of outlays on research and development, the number of research workers, and the number of innovations implemented by companies. The authors verified two research hypotheses: H1: The SME sector in CEE is becoming increasingly more innovative; H2: CEE countries significantly differ in terms of the level of innovativeness in their SMEs. In order to achieve our purpose and verify the research hypotheses, we use publicly available data and indicators published by Eurostat or the European Commission. The study covers EU member states located in Central and Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Score/result – the presented statistical data indicate that the innovativeness of small and medium enterprises in CEE countries is growing. An increasing number of SMEs can be classified as innovating companies. The firms’ own expenditure on R&D (BERD) and non-R&D innovation has also been rising. A marked increase can be observed in the number of employed scientists and R&D personnel in small and medium enterprises in CEE countries. It should be emphasised, however, that these countries vary significantly in terms of their levels of innovation in the SMEs sector. Originality/value – the review of the literature on the subject and the conducted analysis have highlighted serious problems with measuring innovation and the availability of data, particularly that regarding SMEs. On the other hand, the obtained results make it possible to identify areas of interest for future research projects. Among them, special attention is deserved by the reasons for the disparities in innovation across SMEs from CEE countries.
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