Green Fuels (Green Hydrogen, Green LNG) in Maritime-Shipping for Centralized or Decentralized Heating, Electric Power Supply and Ship Propulsion

Nowadays heavy fuel oil and Diesel are mostly used on merchant and passenger ships. Soon international and especially national governmental regulations will increase recommendations for maritime shipping in Europe and worldwide. The main reasons are high air polluting emissions like ne dust, Nitrogen Oxide and Sulphur Oxide, as well as the recommendations of reducing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions like Carbon Dioxide. Green fuels allow to reduce those emissions. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) create the Maritime Pollution contract (MARPOL). The MARPOL Annex VI gives the possibility to de ne strictly controlled air polluting areas for SOx and NOx (Emission-Controlled Areas, ECAs or SECAs). The state-of-the-art shows that hydrogen and LNG can be safely operated and used to supply electric generating systems and drive systems. Especialy cruise ships nowadays were constructed with LNG main propulsion engines. Conventional hydrogen or LNG are not CO2 free. With green hydrogen or ammonia and green LNG, based on renewable electrical energy, CO2 emissions could be reduced. The paper compares different green fuels to classical fuels in maritime applications, regarding pros and cons, emissions, safety aspects and the green renewable production of such fuels.