塞尔维亚民法典预草案中继承法规定的改革步骤-编纂委员会是否做得很好?

Novak Krstić
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摘要

塞尔维亚共和国民法典起草委员会成立至今已近12年,但塞尔维亚的社会和科学界尚未认识到新的民法典。它只出现在预草案中,并于2015年年中举行了公开听证会。在民法的所有领域,当然在继承领域,已经采取了一些改革步骤。然而,给人的印象是,法律学说既不满意继承领域改革的范围,特别是因为在这个民法领域法律干预最少,也不满意提出的一些解决办法。鉴于继承法的规定在前南斯拉夫领土上的国家基本上是相似的,因为它们有相同的基础- 1955年的《联邦继承法》,我们认为这些国家的科学界应该被告知塞尔维亚编法者的想法,以便在修改继承法的情况下可能被考虑。因此,在本文中,我们将指出委员会为编纂提出的新的解决办法,并简要分析一些值得特别注意的建议。但是,我们不会就此打住,不会就此打住。我们将试图回答这样一个问题:编纂者是否中途停止了,也就是说,在这个时刻,在民法典这样不朽的法律大厦的工作已经完成的时刻,它是否达到了应该跨越的中途点?如果我们考虑到当代比较立法机构,特别是欧盟成员国在继承法领域最近采取的改革步骤,这一点就特别重要。因此,本文将具有很强的批判性,就所提出的一些解决办法而言,以及就民法典起草委员会的失败而言。
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REFORM STEPS IN INHERITANCE LAW REGULATION IN THE PRE-DRAFT OF SERBIAN CIVIL CODE - HAS THE COMMISSION FOR CODIFICATION DONE A GOOD JOB?
It’s been almost twelve years since the Commission for drafting the Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia was established, but the society and the scientific community in Serbia have not yet met the new Civil Code. It came only to the Pre-Draft, on which a public hearing was opened in mid-2015. Some reform steps have been taken in all areas of civil law, and certainly in the area of inheritance. However, the impression is that the legal doctrine neither is satisfied with the scope of the reform in the field of succession, especially because in this civil law area legal interventions were least made, as well as with some proposed solutions. Given the fact that the regulation of inheritance law is mostly similar in countries on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, because it has the same foundation - The Federal Inheritance Act of 1955, we believe that the scientific community in these countries should be notified with the ideas of Serbian codifier, in order to be potentially considered in the case of amendment of inheritance acts. Therefore, in this paper we will point out new solutions proposed by the Commission for codification and briefly analyze some of the proposals that deserve special attention. But, we will not stop there, full stop won’t be put there. We will try to answer the question: whether the codifier stopped halfway, i.e. whether it at all reached the halfway point that should be crossed at this moment - the moment when the work on such monumental legal edifice as the Civil Code has been finalizing? This is particularly important if we take into account recent reform steps in the sphere of inheritance law in contemporary comparative legislatures, especially in the EU member states. Therefore, this paper will have strong critical dimension, in terms of some of the proposed solutions, as well as in regard of failures of the Commission for drafting the Civil Code.
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