Nutrition in the prevention and management of endometriosis symptoms - a current literature review

Endometriosis is a chronic hormone-dependent inflammatory condition whose growth and maintenance depends on oestrogen. Treatment options are limited until its aetiology is established. The following literature review provides an extensive discussion of the relationship between diet and endometriosis and iden¬tifies the importance of nutrition in relation to symptoms. An extensive manual search of the main electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was conducted in March 2023 to identify relevant studies published on the relationship between diet and endometriosis. The anti-inflammatory properties of a plant-based diet may be beneficial for women with endometriosis. The Mediterranean diet shows similar properties in reducing many persistent symptoms. Dairy products, on the other hand, are a source of calcium, vitamin D, oestrogens, progesterone and anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory components. A decrease in endometrial implants can be observed in women supplementing with omega 3 and 6 acids. Vitamins D, C and E are also essential dietary components, as they are sources of antioxidants that strongly reduce free radicals. An inverse correlation was observed with red meat consumption. The treatment of endometriosis requires a holistic approach focused on reducing bothersome symptoms and inflammation, and therefore the inclusion of a dietitian in the treatment may be of great benefit to endometriosis patients. Further research is needed, especially randomised clinical trials to clarify the role of diet in endometriosis.