UML一致性规则:开源UML模型的案例研究

Damiano Torre, Y. Labiche, M. Genero, M. Elaasar, C. Menghi
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引用次数: 2

摘要

UML模型是软件工程师用于设计软件的标准工件。在设计软件时,软件设计者会生成不同的UML图类型(例如,类图和序列图)。由于各种UML图类型描述了软件系统的不同方面,它们不是独立的,而是强烈地相互依赖,因此它们必须是一致的。不一致导致最终的软件系统出现故障。因此,检测、分析和修复它们是至关重要的。一致性规则是文献中提出的一种检测不一致性的有用工具。它们对约束进行分类,帮助识别违反时的不一致性。本案例研究旨在收集和分析文献中提出的具有OCL一致性规则的UML模型,并促进可被(FM-)研究社区重用的参考基准的开发。我们收集了文献中34个开源UML模型中包含的33个UML一致性规则和206个不同的UML图。提出了一种基于fm的OCL一致性规则编码方法。这种编码允许分析34个UML模型中是否满足或违反了一致性规则。为了评估建议的基准,我们分析了基准中包含的UML模型、一致性规则、图类型如何帮助评估UML模型的一致性,以及跨不同软件开发阶段的图的一致性。我们的结果表明,所考虑的UML模型和一致性规则允许识别2731个不一致性,并且这些不一致性涉及不同的软件开发阶段。我们的结论是,所考虑的UML模型和一致性规则可以被认为是一个初始的基准,可以被研究团体进一步扩展。
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UML Consistency Rules: a Case Study with Open-Source UML Models
UML models are standard artifacts used by software engineers for designing software. As software is designed, different UML diagram types (e.g., class diagrams and sequence diagrams) are produced by software designers. Since the various UML diagram types describe different aspects of a software system, they are not independent but strongly depend on each other, hence they must be consistent. Inconsistencies cause faults in the final software systems. It is, therefore, paramount that they get detected, analyzed, and fixed. Consistency rules are a useful tool proposed in the literature to detect inconsistencies. They categorize constraints that help in identifying inconsistencies when violated. This case study aims at collecting and analyzing UML models with OCL consistency rules proposed in the literature and at promoting the development of a reference benchmark that can be reused by the (FM-)research community. We collected 33 UML consistency rules and 206 different UML diagrams contained in 34 open-source UML models presented in the literature. We propose an FM-based encoding of the consistency rules in OCL. This encoding allows analyzing whether the consistency rules are satisfied or violated within the 34 UML models. To assess the proposed benchmark, we analyzed how the UML models, consistency rules, diagram types contained in the benchmark help in assessing the consistency of UML models, and the consistency of diagrams across the different software development phases. Our results show that the considered UML models and consistency rules allowed identifying 2731 inconsistencies and that those inconsistencies refer to different software development phases. We concluded that the considered UML models and consistency rules could be considered as an initial benchmark that can be further extended by the research community.
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