都市区不同奶牛场饲粮对乳成分的影响

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摘要

在乳制品工业中,牛奶是最有价值的产品。牛奶的市场价值取决于牛奶的产量和脂肪含量。品种或遗传因素主要与产奶率和乳中脂肪含量有关。例如,泽西品种的牛在牛奶中的脂肪和蛋白质比例高于其他品种。但牛奶的质量还取决于其他膳食因素,如日粮中的粗纤维和粗蛋白质含量。瘤胃内粗纤维的发酵产生大量的乙酸和丁酸,这两种物质是乳脂的衍生物。乳蛋白浓度取决于日粮中粗蛋白质水平。本研究收集了Chattogram大都市区8个奶牛场的牛奶和饲料样品,研究饲粮对牛奶成分的影响。穆纳奶牛场饲料样品的粗纤维水平和粗蛋白质水平均高于其他奶牛场,样品中脂肪、SNF百分比和蛋白质百分比均最高。牛奶样品中脂肪、SNF百分比和蛋白质百分比最低的是Moinuddin奶牛场,其饲料样品中粗纤维含量最低,但饲料样品中粗蛋白质含量接近Munna奶牛场。在Moinuddin奶牛场的情况下,饲料样品中的粗蛋白质含量较高。但由于乳腺炎和管理制度不健全,这个农场牛奶的蛋白质含量很低。
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Dietary Effect on Milk Composition in Different Dairy Cattle Farms in Chattogram Metropolitan Area
In the dairy industry milk is the most valuable product. The market value of milk depends on the amount of yield and content of fat in milk. Breed or genetic factors are mostly correlated with the production rate and fat content in milk. For example, Jersey breed cattle have the highest fat and protein percentage in milk than other breeds. But the quality of milk also depends on other dietary factors such as crude fiber and crude protein content of the diet. Fermentation of crude fiber in the rumen produces large amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid which act as a derivative of milk fat. Milk protein concentration depends on the crude protein level in the diet. In this study milk and feed samples were collected from eight dairy farms at Chattogram Metropolitan Area to investigate the dietary effect on milk composition. The highest fat, SNF percentage, and protein percentage of the milk sample were founded in the case of the Munna dairy farm in which the crude fiber level and crude protein level of the feed sample were higher than other dairy farms. The lowest fat, SNF percentage, and protein percentage of the milk sample were founded in the case of the Moinuddin dairy farm in which the crude fiber level of the feed sample was lowest but the level of crude protein in the feed sample was near to Munna dairy farm. A better amount of crude protein in the feed sample was founded in the case of the Moinuddin dairy farm. But due to mastitis and a poor management system, the protein content of milk in this farm was poor.
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