Scheduling BESS for Primary Frequency Response in Low Inertia Grids

The integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) would challenge system operators to ensure the required system inertia (SI) and primary frequency response (PFR). The decline in response would arise system security and reliability concerns due to post fault frequency dynamics during contingency like the largest generation or load loss. These challenges can be addressed through incorporation of additional resources of frequency response in the system. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) due to its high power density and fast response is a viable alternative to maintain post-fault system dynamics, and thus maintain system security. In this context, the paper investigates the BESS potential for PFR adequacy in a day- ahead security-constrained generator scheduling problem under different RES integration. Further, a sensitivity analysis of BESS for PFR adequacy is presented. Frequency security parameters like SI, nadir-frequency are examined under the largest generator outage for the analysis. Simulations are performed on a New-England 39 bus test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model.