An enhanced transmission line model for full-wave analysis of interconnects in non-homogeneous dielectrics

An enhanced transmission line model has been recently proposed by the authors to perform the full-wave analysis of high-frequency interconnects. Such a model, while retaining the same simplicity of a transmission line model, describes accurately the case where the signal characteristic wavelength is comparable to the interconnect transverse dimension. The model has been obtained from an integral formulation of the propagation problem by using electromagnetic potentials with Lorenz gauge, with reference to a pair of cylindrical wires in homogeneous dielectric. Here the model is extended to interconnects with arbitrary cross-sections, embedded in a non-homogeneous dielectric. The main difference is in the reformulation of the problem by adding new unknowns (the polarization charges and displacement currents of the dielectrics), so that the potential may still be expressed through the Green function of the free space.