Are we Hierarchically Definitive Multicellular Organisms or Governing Bodies Consisting of Multiple Independent Multicellular Systems?

Traditionally, a multicellular organism could be viewed as an organismal system consisting of one or more groups of cells that are specialized in different functions. Examples include commonly known circulatory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and immune systems, to name a few. In this traditional point of view, each group of specialized cells acts as a dependent system within the organism as an independent whole being. Each system serves to support the well-being of the whole organism. In today’s governmental system, one could parallel the organism as a country’s central or national government, and each system as an individual ministry or department (e.g., education, finance, national defense, etc.). All these ministries or departments (individual systems) perform their functions to support the centralized governmental structure, which acts in turn as an umbrella over to maintain integrity and order of the country (organism as a whole). This is a topdown view of a multicellular organism, which provides well organized structure and hierarchy.