东南欧的生物质发展和潜力

N. Iliadis
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文讨论了东南欧的技术进步、市场状况和生物质固体燃料的可用性。众所周知,东南欧(SEE)的能源结构是一个高污染的能源结构,排放大量的二氧化碳和颗粒物。随着欧盟几个国家的引入和大多数国家签署了《京都议定书》,对二氧化碳排放实施了严格的限制。大多数SEE国家在基于褐煤和煤的热燃烧装置方面具有重要的专业知识。因此,利用固体生物质燃料发电已开始逐步应用作为一种发电手段。在这些国家中,许多国家都在研究和开发纯生物质电厂和生物质共烧电厂。我们把所有的农业残留物、木片或木屑、橄榄渣和任何可以用作固体生物燃料的植物都称为固体生物质。阿拉善SEE成员国中的每个国家都有不同类型的可利用生物质,可在国内运输或近距离出口。在本文中,我们将讨论已经在东南欧应用于不同类型生物质的技术。我们将扩大生物质固体燃料的可用性,能够提供重要数量的地区以及在短缺时可以考虑的邻国的范围。后一种可得性将与每次使用的技术以及生物质混合对所使用技术的影响密切相关。最后,为了描述这些项目的财务可行性,我们将参考一些实际适用的融资和上网电价方案。
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Biomass development and potential in South East Europe
This article discusses the advances in technology, the market conditions and the biomass solid fuel availability in the South East Europe. The energy mix in South East Europe (SEE) is known to be a highly polluting one with important CO2 and particulates emissions. Following the introduction for several of the countries in the European Union and the signature by most of them of the Kyoto protocol, severe caps have been imposed on the CO2 emissions. Most of the SEE countries have a significant expertise in thermal combustions units based on lignite and coal. Therefore, the use of the solid biomass fuel for electricity generation has started being applied progressively as a means of electricity generation. Pure biomass plants and biomass co-firing plants are actually studied and developed in many of these countries. We refer to as solid biomass all agricultural residues, wood flakes or pellets, olive pomace and any plants that can be used as solid biofuels. Each country among the ones in SEE have different biomass type availabilities which can be transported inside the country or exported to close distances. In this article we will discuss the technologies that have already been applied in South East Europe for different types of biomass. We will stretch the point of biomass solid fuels availability, the regions that can supply important quantities and which neighboring countries can be considered in case of a shortage. The latter availability will be closely linked to the technology that is used each time and the influence of the biomass mix to the technology used. Finally, in order to describe the financial feasibility of these projects we will refer in some financing and feed-in-tariff schemes that are actually applicable.
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