传染性牛角膜结膜炎的流行、诊断和预防综述

Wakgari Abirham Haile, Tilahun Ayano
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本次研讨会综述的目的是提供有关IBK的信息,IBK会导致眼部疼痛和视力丧失,从而导致受影响动物的市场价格下降。传染性牛角膜结膜炎(IBK)或“红眼”是一种常见的高度传染性眼部疾病。这种疾病是由莫拉菌科、莫拉菌属和牛莫拉菌引起的。牛分枝杆菌是革兰氏阴性杆状体。该病在世界范围内发生和分布,并通过受感染的动物作为携带者而逐年持续传播。在没有苍蝇的情况下传播是不寻常的,通常在有苍蝇的情况下发生。许多因素如高草、杂草、灰尘、面蝇和紫外线辐射等应激因素有助于该病的发生。IBK的发病机制可能与上皮细胞、成纤维细胞和中性粒细胞释放胶原酶有关。牛分枝杆菌的水解酶具有降解脂质、粘多糖和基质蛋白的能力,这可能导致角膜溃疡。红眼病的最初症状是过度流泪、眨眼、畏光、眼睑和结膜肿胀。随着病情的发展,眼部分泌物变成化脓性的。该病通常诊断为临床症状,如过度流泪和培养细菌从眼渗出液。IBK可与牛分枝杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、IBRT和寄生虫病鉴别诊断。药物可以通过几种方式进入眼睛:结膜下注射、局部应用和全身给药来治疗疾病。疫苗接种和苍蝇控制是预防和控制的一些措施。这种疾病在经济上是非常重要的,它会导致牛严重的眼部疾病,这可能导致动物遭受痛苦和视力丧失,从而造成经济损失,因为疼痛造成的压力导致体重减轻,无法正确喂养,失明降低了销售价格。因此,建议将易感牛饲养以避免暴露于紫外线辐射,并控制面蝇种群,以尽量减少IBK的发病率和传播。
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A Brief Review on the Prevalence, Diagnosis Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis
This seminar review is aimed to provide information about the IBK which results in ocular pain and loss of vision that would result in the reduction of the market price of the affected animal. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis (IBK) or ‘pink eye’ is a common and highly contagious ocular disease. The disease is caused by the bacteria family Moraxellaceae, genus Moraxella and species Moraxella bovis. M. bovis is a gram-negative rod. The occurrence and distribution of the disease are worldwide and the persistence of the disease from year to year is by means of infected animals, which can act as carriers. Transmission is unusual in the absence of flies and occurs generally in their presence. A number of factors such as tall grass, weeds, dust, face flies and ultraviolet radiation, and other stress factors contribute to the disease occurrence. The pathogenesis of IBK is likely associated with collagenase release from epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neutrophils. Hydrolytic enzymes of M. bovis possess the ability to degrade lipids, mucopolysaccharides, and matrix proteins, which may contribute to corneal ulceration. The first signs of pinkeye are characterized by excessive tearing, blinking, photophobia, and swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva. As the disease progresses, the ocular discharge becomes purulent. The disease is usually diagnosed with clinical signs like excessive lacrimation and culturing of the bacteria from ocular exudates. IBK is differentially diagnosed from M. bovis, Pasteurella multocida, IBRT, and Thelaziasis. Drugs may be delivered to the eye in several ways: subconjunctival injection, topical application, and systemic administration to treat the diseases. Vaccination and fly control are some of the prevention and control measures. This disease is economically very important which causes severe ocular disorder in cattle which may result in the suffering of the animal from pain and loss of vision thereby economic loss due to bodyweight loss by the stress from pain, inability to feed properly, and the blindness that reduces the price of sale. Therefore, it is recommended that the susceptible cattle should be housed to avoid exposure to UV radiation and the populations of face flies should be controlled to minimize the incidence and transmission of IBK.
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