在学生中形成宽容的文化

Nikolay A. Efremov, D. Kalátová, Natalia V. Morozova, Evgeniya O. Andreyko, Tatiana V. Muzhzhavleva, Marina P. Efremova, A. Lammert, Inessa A. Vasileva, Natalia V. Bondarenko
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摘要

宽容文化的形成是教养的任务之一。在他们的一生中,一个人学会对他人宽容,尊重和接受他人的本来面目。它是非常和平共处和互动的。与此同时,孩子很可能不分享和不接受这种“道德知识”。即使孩子不能意识到这一点,最重要的是他们熟悉它。在第二个层面,教师必须为孩子的“道德技能”的发展创造条件——在团队中工作的能力,倾听和倾听他人的能力,与他们谈判的能力,接受他人与自己之间的差异并在沟通和互动时考虑到这些差异的能力,以及有尊严和机智地解决冲突情况的能力。再次强调,最重要的是向孩子展示如何正确地行动,并让孩子有机会在一个有趣的环境中展示所有这些技能。但在现实生活中,孩子可能对使用它们不感兴趣。第三个层次,也是最理想和最难达到的——“道德掌握”——不仅取决于教师,而且取决于儿童本身,取决于他们所处的环境。这是孩子对道德价值观的内在接受,是他们自己的,在选择的情况下,唯一可能的行为是与他们一致。这就是教育和教育工作的方向。
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FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF TOLERANCE AMONG STUDENTS
The formation of a culture of tolerance is one of the tasks of upbringing. Throughout their life, a person learns to be tolerant towards other people and to respect and accept others as they are. It is very peacefully coexist and interact. At the same time, the child may well not share and not accept this “moral knowledge”. Even if the child is not able to realize this, the main thing is that they be familiar with it. At the second level, the teacher must create conditions for the development of the child's “moral skills” – the ability to work in a team, the ability to listen and hear another, to negotiate with them, to accept the differences between the other person and themself and take those differences into account when communicating and interacting, and the ability to resolve conflict situations with dignity and tact. Again, the main thing is to show how to act correctly and to give the child the opportunity to show all these skills in a playful situation. But in a real-life situation, the child may not be interested in using them. The third level, the most desirable and difficult to achieve – “moral mastery” – depends not only on the teacher but also on the child themself, on their environment. This is the child's internal acceptance of moral values as their own and the only possible behavior in situations of choice is in accordance with them. This is where educational and educational efforts are directed.
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