印度尼西亚荒诞主义者在达纳托短篇小说《哥德洛布》中的意识形态幻想

Asep Anugrah
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摘要

通过文学作品进行意识形态批判的推理,可以从文学作品作为一种社会主导意识形态的批判形式如何表现作者的意识形态中看出。问题是,当批评与作者所传达的内容恰恰呈现出悖论时,这种意识形态批评的类型就被作者以语言为媒介的真实文学作品所描述。因此,作者在文学作品中的主体性只是一种后意识形态的符号化,被Žižek称为只出现在意识形态幻想层面的犬儒主义。研究者运用这个问题来分析达纳托的短篇小说《哥德洛布》。本文的研究重点是达纳尔托的意识形态,这是由人物的激进行为所提供的。通过这种研究方法,对《哥德洛夫短篇小说》中的激进行为进行文本客观分析。文本分析的结果带有作者的主体性,产生了和谐,也产生了激进行动的悖论。这就是达纳托的短篇小说《哥德洛布》中所描述的;(1)哥德罗布短篇小说中人物的激进行为是如何被描绘出来的;(2)哥德罗布短篇小说中两个文学主题的相遇是如何产生意识形态幻想的。目的是看到通过文学作品进行意识形态批评不仅是通过现象,而且是通过现实本身。换句话说,通过对激进行动的文本分析,再面对作者的主体性,意识形态批评的悖论可以嵌入到本研究的话语中。在分析的基础上,文学作品作为一种批评,显示了意识形态幻想是如何由于作者的玩世不恭而产生的。达纳尔托似乎沉浸在一种他在作品中批判的意识形态中。
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Ideological Fantasy of an Indonesian Absurdist in Danarto’s Short Story Godlob
Reasoning about ideological criticism through literary work can be seen from how the literary work represents the ideology of the author as a critical form of social dominated ideology. The matter is when the criticism exactly shows paradox with what the author delivered, so the type of ideological criticism has been described by the author with real literary work which uses language as a medium. Therefore, the author's subjectivity of literary work is just symbolization which forms as post-ideology and it is termed by Žižek as cynicism which only appears on the level of ideological fantasy. This matter is applied by the researcher to analyze Danarto’s short story Godlob. This research focuses on Danarto’s ideology which is offered as radical acts by the characters. This research method leads to textual and objective analysis to detect radical action in Godlob Short Story. The result of the textual analysis is presented with the subjectivity of the author, which produces harmony as well as the paradox of radical action. This is what described in the discourse of Danarto's short story Godlob about; (1) how the radical actions of the characters are depicted in the Godlob short story, and (2) how ideological fantasies are generated through the encounter of both literary subjects in the Godlob short story. The goal is to see that ideological criticism through literary works is not only through the phenomenon but also through the reality itself. In other words, by analyzing radical action textually and then confronted with the author's subjectivity, the paradox of ideological criticism can be embedded in the discourse of this study. Based on the analysis, literary works as a criticism shows how ideological fantasy comes as a result of the cynicism of the author. Danarto seemed to be immersed in an ideology that he criticized in his work.
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