报告非洲应对COVID-19:解决全球正义辩论困境的非洲哲学视角

M. Ajei
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摘要

2020年2月14日,埃及记录了非洲第一例COVID-19感染病例。在此之后,西方媒体对该病毒可能对非洲国家人口造成的破坏性影响作出了若干预测。本文提供了非洲成功应对COVID-19大流行的证据,以及西方媒体对这些成功的报道不足或歪曲的证据。接着,文章从非洲的社群主义生活方式和自我、责任和权利的概念出发,论证了这些成功的原因;而且,全球正义理论化的特定方向可以突出对这些成功的错误表述所固有的不公正,并为制定有助于实现全球正义政策目标的价值观和概念框架提供共享观点。因此,本文的基础是拒绝在全球正义辩论中流行的狭隘的理论原则,以及西方学术界的一贯倾向,即在非洲背景下从过去的文化中汲取灵感的理论对全球正义的追求几乎没有贡献。相反,它认为,对文化史的反思性批判是规范理想的必要来源,可以促进宽容共存和合作努力,以实现当代世界的共同正义概念。
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Reporting on African Responses to COVID-19: African Philosophical Perspectives for Addressing Quandaries in the Global Justice Debate
The first case of COVID-19 infection in Africa was recorded in Egypt on 14 February 2020. Following this, several projections of the possible devastating effect that the virus can have on the population of African countries were made in the Western media. This paper presents evidence for Africa’s successful responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and under-reporting or misrepresentation of these successes in Western media. It proceeds to argue for accounting for these successes in terms of Africa’s communitarian way of life and conceptions of self, duty, and rights; and that a particular orientation in theorizing on global justice can highlight the injustices inherent in the misrepresentation of these successes and contribute shared perspectives to formulating a framework of values and concepts that would facilitate the implementation of global policy goals for justice. The paper is thus grounded in a rejection of the insular tenets of theorizing prevalent in the global justice debate and to persistent inclinations in Western scholarship to the thinking that theorizing in the African context that draws inspiration from the cultural past has little to contribute to the quest for justice globally. On the contrary, it argues that reflexive critique of cultural history is a necessary source of normative ideals that can foster tolerant coexistence and a cooperative endeavour toward shared conceptions of justice in the contemporary world. 
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