受教育程度的性别差异:来自芬兰准实验的追踪作用证据

Tuomas Pekkarinen
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引用次数: 84

摘要

本文研究了跟踪学生进入职业和学术中等教育的时间与受教育程度和收入的性别差异之间的关系。我们认为,在一个学生相对较晚(15-16岁)进入职业和学术轨道的系统中,由于青春期时间的性别差异,女孩比男孩更有可能选择学术轨道。我们以20世纪70年代芬兰的综合学校改革为例来分析这一假设。这项改革将对学生的跟踪从10-11岁推迟到15-16岁,并逐渐被市政当局采用,以便我们可以观察两个系统中同一队列的成员。我们发现,跟踪年龄的推迟增加了选择学术中等教育的概率和继续接受学术高等教育的概率的性别差异。这项改革对来自非学术家庭背景的男孩产生了特别负面的影响。最后,这项改革将成年人收入中的性别工资差距缩小了4个百分点。
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Gender Differences in Educational Attainment: Evidence on the Role of Tracking from a Finnish Quasi-Experiment
This paper studies the relationship between the timing of tracking of pupils into vocational and academic secondary education and gender differences in educational attainment and income. We argue that in a system that streams students into vocational and academic tracks relatively late (age 15-16), girls are more likely to choose the academic track than boys because of gender differences in the timing of puberty. We exploit the Finnish comprehensive school reform of the 1970's to analyze this hypothesis. This reform postponed the tracking of students from the age of 10-11 to 15-16 and was adopted gradually by municipalities so that we can observe members of the same cohorts in both systems. We find that the postponement of the tracking age increased gender differences in the probability of choosing the academic secondary education and in the probability of continuing into academic tertiary education. The reform had particularily negative effects on boys from non-academic family backgrounds. Finally, the reform decreased the gender wage gap in adult income by four percentage points.
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