波格丹诺夫的乌托邦与马克思主义的性别观念

Natalia G. Mitina
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摘要

本文论述了苏维埃共和国成立最初几十年对性别问题的态度——党的立场(布尔什维克计划)和波格丹诺夫的乌托邦计划。概念既有相同点又有不同点。两者都基于这样一种观点,即只有通过政治制度的变革和劳动群众的掌权才有可能解决问题,并强调劳动的重要性和正在建立的社会中的集体主义原则。波格丹诺夫的计划建立在组织理论的基础上,这是未来社会的基础,在那里,社会生活建立在严格的科学基础上。一个特殊的角色被赋予组织文化,形成一个新的人。党的立场以马克思主义的性别理论为基础,并以党控制生活的方方面面为前提,个人利益从属于阶级利益,男性优越的意识形态以宪法或宣布的平等的形式出现。
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BOGDANOV’S UTOPIA AND THE MARXIST CONCEPTION OF GENDER
The article deals with the attitude to the problem of gender in the first decades of the existence of the Soviet Republic – the position of the party (the Bolshevik project) and the utopian project of A. Bogdanov. Concepts have both similarities and differences. Both are based on the idea that it is possible to solve the problem only as a result of a change in the political system and the coming to power of the working masses and emphasizes the importance of labor and the principles of collectivism in the society being created. The project of A. Bogdanov is built on the basis of organizational theory, which is the basis of the society of the future, where social life is built on a strictly scientific basis. A special role is given to the organizational culture that forms a new person. The party position is based on the Marxist theory of gender and presupposes party control of all aspects of life, the subordination of personal interests to class interests, and the ideology of male superiority takes the form of constitutional or proclaimed equality.
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