欧盟财政规则体系升级及其在乌克兰的改革前景

Tetiana Bohdan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

介绍。在2022年和2023年,乌克兰的财政规则因《预算法》修正案而暂停,尽管在战争结束后,与欧盟扩大的谈判进程将把恢复乌克兰财政规则及其与欧盟规范在乌克兰经济改革议程上的一致性问题放在一起。问题陈述。在乌克兰准备加入欧盟的过程中,考虑到欧盟超国家财政规则的实施经验和欧盟成员国预算框架改革面临的挑战,对乌克兰财政规则体系的恢复及其新的实质性补充。目的:吸取欧盟数字财政规则运作的经验教训,从欧盟超国家机构的角度审视预算框架和财政政策监督机制转型的组成部分,并最终在此基础上,明确乌克兰财政规则改革的核心方向,使其接近欧盟标准。方法。运用一般的科学方法和特殊的方法:分析与综合、描述与比较、历史方法、理论概括方法和抽象逻辑方法。结果。本文强调了财政规则作为现代财政制度的重要组成部分的本质,展示了财政规则在世界范围内延伸的量化指标及其常见组合。揭示了金融危机过程中财政规则修改和免责条款生效的主要趋势。作者总结了欧盟成员国预算赤字管制、遏制公共支出增长和限制公共债务水平的机制,重点是《稳定与增长公约》和《欧盟条例》的规定,其中具体规定了《公约》和《欧盟运作条约》的适用工具。作者综合了当前欧盟财政规则转型的关键维度,强调了欧盟成员国的财政政策监督工具,并将财政政策的目标定位于实现其经济的绿色和数字化转型,同时实现债务可持续性目标。政策建议是为了升级乌克兰的财政规则体系,并在战争结束后对其进行验证。结论。将整个一般政府部门的债务限额和预算平衡上限纳入乌克兰的预算立法,以及旨在恢复债务可持续性的净初级支出规则;以及财政规则的实施机制和财政规则遵守情况的独立监督(中期)将有助于确保乌克兰的宏观金融稳定,并加速乌克兰与欧盟的经济和政治一体化。
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Upgrading the fiscal rules system in the European Union and prospects for their reforms in Ukraine
Introduction. In 2022 and 2023 fiscal rules in Ukraine were suspended by amendments to the Budget Code, although after the end of war the negotiation process with the EU on its enlargement will put the issue of resumption of the fiscal rules in Ukraine and their alignment with the EU norms on the economic reforms’ agenda in Ukraine. Problem Statement. Restoration of the system of fiscal rules in Ukraine and its new substantive filling on the way of Ukraine’s preparation for the EU accession taking into account the experience of implementation of the supra-national fiscal rules in the EU and challenges for the reforms of the budgetary framework in the EU member states. Purpose – drawing lessons of functioning of the numerical fiscal rules in the EU, reviewing the components of transformation of the budgetary framework and mechanisms of the fiscal policy surveillance from the side of the EU supra-national bodies and eventually, on their basis, specifying the core directions of reforming fiscal rules in Ukraine for their approximation to the EU standards. Methods. General scientific and special methods are applied: analysis and synthesis, description and comparison, historical method, method of theoretical generalization and abstract-logical method. Results. The article highlights the essence of fiscal rules as important constituents of modern fiscal institutions, shows the quantitative indicators of extension of the fiscal rules across the world and their common combinations. It reveals the main trends in modification of the fiscal rules and validation of the escape clauses in the course of corona-crisis. The author summarizes the mechanisms of budget deficit regulation, containment of public expenditure growth and limiting public debt level in the EU member states with a focus on the provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact and of the EU Regulations, which specify the tools of application of the Pact and Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The author synthetizes the key dimensions of current transformation of the EU fiscal rules with an emphasize on the instruments of fiscal policy surveillance in the EU member states and targeting fiscal policy at achieving green and digital transition by their economies with simultaneous debt sustainability goal. Policy proposals are devised for upgrading the system of fiscal rules in Ukraine and their validation after finishing the war. Conclusions. Incorporation of debt limit and budget balance ceiling across the sector of general government into the budgetary legislation of Ukraine, as well as of net primary expenditure rule aimed at restoration of the debt sustainability, as well as mechanisms of implementation of the fiscal rules and independent monitoring of the fiscal rules observance in line with the EU standards (over the medium run) would contribute to securing macro-financial stability in Ukraine and accelerate the economic and political integration of Ukraine with the EU.
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