The current status of diversity among physician assistants in surgery: A systematic review

Abstract It is difficult to achieve diverse representation within surgical settings, including within the ranks of physician assistants (PAs) despite research indicating that diversity improves patient outcomes and experience and benefits the workplace. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate interventions used to support diversity among surgical PAs. Databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for publications that described interventions for increasing underrepresented in medicine and gender diversity among surgical PAs. While 20 studies were identified, none met the inclusion criteria. The absence of literature on surgical PAs led to an exploration of research conducted among surgeons, nonsurgical PAs, and PA students. While not directly applicable, results from these studies offered valuable insights into factors that impact diversity as well as strategies that foster diversity. Factors such as gender bias, discrimination, and harassment may contribute to lower numbers of underrepresented groups working in surgery. Efforts to support increased diversity include recruitment, leadership support, and mentorship programs. This systematic review highlights the need for further research to foster diversity among PAs working in surgery. While existing surgical literature offers some contextual insights, future studies on and increased attention toward this topic will improve inclusivity and create a more equitable healthcare system.