巴罗萨谷和伊甸谷设拉子限水产量潜力和产量差距的标杆分析

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI:10.1155/2023/5807266
Marcos Bonada, Paul R. Petrie, Vinod Phogat, Cassandra Collins, Victor O. Sadras
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和目的。葡萄园的表现受到水分供应的影响,包括降雨量和季节性、蒸散量和灌溉量。我们以限水产量潜力(Yw)为基准,计算产量缺口作为Yw与实际产量之间的差异,并探讨这些缺口的潜在环境和管理原因。方法与结果。在巴罗萨产区(GI)的三个年份中,对24个设拉子葡萄园的两个区域的产量及其构成进行了监测。产量的频率分布呈l型,有一半的葡萄园低于5.2 t·ha - 1,呈延伸的尾部分布,达到24.9 t·ha - 1。实际作物蒸散量与参考蒸散量的季节比值在85%的情况下低于0.48,最大值为0.65,表明这些葡萄园存在严重的水分亏缺。拟合了实际产量与季节降雨量之间的边界函数来量化Yw。产量缺口随着植株水分亏缺的增加而增加,这可以通过果实的碳同位素组成来量化。发芽期前雨量较多,产量差较小,有利于早季营养生长和分配给生殖;花期至转代期雨量较多,有利于坐果和浆果生长。花蕾与花期的间隙越大,降雨越强,辐射越弱。产量差距在6 ~ 33年之间以0.3 t·ha - 1·yr - 1的速率线性增加。产量差与产量分量排序的相关关系为:穗重≈每穗果数>束数>贝瑞重量;缩小产量差距的最小值为18.5万束ha - 1, 105 g束- 1,108个浆果束- 1和1.1 g浆果- 1。结论。水分亏缺和葡萄树龄是造成产量缺口的主要原因。冬春灌溉为提高生产力提供了机会。处理老的、产量较低的葡萄藤的成本需要与葡萄藤年龄的产量差距的增长率进行权衡。研究的意义。估算限水产量潜力的边界函数返回了具有葡萄意义的产量差距,并突出了提高葡萄园生产力的潜在目标。
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Benchmarking Water-Limited Yield Potential and Yield Gaps of Shiraz in the Barossa and Eden Valleys
Background and Aims. Vineyard performance is impacted by water availability including the amount and seasonality of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and irrigation volume. We benchmarked water-limited yield potential (Yw), calculated yield gaps as the difference between Yw and actual yield, and explored the underlying environmental and management causes of these gaps. Methods and Results. The yield and its components in two sections of 24 Shiraz vineyards were monitored during three vintages in the Barossa zone (GI). The frequency distribution of yield was L-shaped, with half the vineyards below 5.2 t·ha−1, and an extended tail of the distribution that reached 24.9 t·ha−1. The seasonal ratio of actual crop evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration was below 0.48 in 85% of cases, with a maximum of 0.65, highlighting a substantial water deficit in these vineyards. A boundary function relating actual yield and seasonal rainfall was fitted to quantify Yw. Yield gaps increased with an increasing vine water deficit, as quantified by the carbon isotope composition of the fruit. The yield gap was smaller with higher rainfall before budburst, putatively favouring early-season vegetative growth and allocation to reproduction, and with higher rainfall between flowering and veraison, putatively favouring fruit set and berry growth. The gap was larger with higher rainfall and lower radiation between budburst and flowering. The yield gap increased linearly with vine age between 6 and 33 yr at a rate of 0.3 t·ha−1·yr−1. The correlation between yield gap and yield components ranked bunch weight ≈ berries per bunch > bunch number > berry weight; the minimum to close the yield gap was 185,000 bunches ha−1, 105 g bunch−1, 108 berries bunch−1, and 1.1 g berry−1. Conclusions. Water deficit and vine age were major causes of yield gaps. Irrigation during winter and spring provides an opportunity to improve productivity. The cost of dealing with older, less productive vines needs to be weighed against the rate of increase in yield gap with vine age. Significance of the Study. A boundary function to estimate water-limited yield potential returned viticulturally meaningful yield gaps and highlighted potential targets to improve vineyard productivity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
35
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research provides a forum for the exchange of information about new and significant research in viticulture, oenology and related fields, and aims to promote these disciplines throughout the world. The Journal publishes results from original research in all areas of viticulture and oenology. This includes issues relating to wine, table and drying grape production; grapevine and rootstock biology, genetics, diseases and improvement; viticultural practices; juice and wine production technologies; vine and wine microbiology; quality effects of processing, packaging and inputs; wine chemistry; sensory science and consumer preferences; and environmental impacts of grape and wine production. Research related to other fermented or distilled beverages may also be considered. In addition to full-length research papers and review articles, short research or technical papers presenting new and highly topical information derived from a complete study (i.e. not preliminary data) may also be published. Special features and supplementary issues comprising the proceedings of workshops and conferences will appear periodically.
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