Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research最新文献

Background and Aims: Global warming is driving increased heat accumulation and longer growing seasons, making it feasible to ripen two crops in a single season, even in temperate regions where grapevines experience winter dormancy.

Methods and Results: A 2-year study on Cabernet Sauvignon in South Australia evaluated vine responses to a “double cropping” technique aimed at producing two consecutive crops (primary [P] and forced [F]) within the same season. The forced crop was achieved by breaking bud dormancy through severe trimming at the groat-size berry stage; retaining four, six or eight main leaves on the shoot (F4, F6, F8); and concurrently removing any developing laterals. These treatments were compared to an unforced control (C). Vine performance was assessed through phenology, vegetative growth, yield components, vine balance indices and grape composition at harvest. In the 2022–2023 season, the response to forcing was faster (13 days) and more active (0.69 forced shoots/total shoots) than in the 2023–2024 season (19 days and 0.47 forced shoots/total shoots, respectively). Reactivity to forcing tended to decrease at F8 compared to F4 and F6. On average, the forced leaf area (LA) constituted 59.2% of the total LA. Across all F treatments, the total yield per vine was 11.6% higher than C, with the forced crop contributing 36.1% of the total yield. Forced shoot bunches were consistently smaller and looser than those on the P shoots and harvest of the second crop occurred 56–60 days later. Forcing significantly delayed the ripening of the primary crop compared to the control, yet fruit in F treatments reached a relatively high TSS (23.7–24.1°Brix) while maintaining higher TA and lower pH, indicating a desynchronisation of sugar and acid ripening. Seasonal variation strongly influenced anthocyanin and phenolic accumulation: in 2022–23, levels were highest in F treatments, even compared to the control; in 2023–2024, they were comparatively low. Since LA/Y remained adequate, it is hypothesised that late-season microclimate conditions are likely the primary factor in berry pigmentation outcomes.

Conclusions and Significance of the Study: Overall, this technique shows promise for improving vineyard profitability by increasing total yield and offering opportunities for the diversification of wine styles. Work is underway 1 to develop mechanised approaches for broader adoption.

Botryosphaeria dieback, caused by various pathogens, including Lasiodiplodia spp., is a significant threat to grapevines. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis has been frequently isolated from grapevines in Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, mainly from plants showing perennial cankers. While chemical and biological control strategies have been explored, alternatives such as organic amendments (OAs) have yet to be studied. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of OAs on the co-occurrence of latent L. brasiliensis infection and the grapevine endophytic community using qPCR and metabarcoding analysis. Two OAs, compost cow manure and grapevine wood (CMW) and sludge kitchen waste and grapevine wood (KWW), were tested. Extracts were prepared by mixing 140 g of each OA with 210 mL of autoclaved water, shaking for 2 h, and filtering. Grapevine cuttings were soaked in the extracts for 10 days, then inoculated with a L. brasiliensis MXBCL28 conidiospore suspension (1 × 10⁵ spores mL⁻¹) and incubated for 30 days. Among treatments, cuttings treated with 10% KWW extract exhibited the highest plant growth parameters, including the number and length of lateral shoots, inflorescences, and roots, with a 70% suppressive effect on L. brasiliensis. The KWW treatment also enhanced the abundance of beneficial endophytic genera, including Acinetobacter, Hymenobacter, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium, which were significantly associated with antagonistic activity against the pathogen. Meanwhile, genera such as Sphingomonas, Ochrobactrum, Azospirillum, and Rheinheimer appeared to be involved in plant-induced systemic resistance. Furthermore, the dominant bacterial genus DMER64 and fungal genus Orbilia, both present in KWW, were recruited to colonize grapevine tissues, potentially promoting plant growth and physiological processes. Overall, the KWW sludge demonstrated multiple suppressive actions, such as the release of humic substances and biochemical compounds, which facilitate the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms in response to latent L. brasiliensis infection. These findings suggest that KWW is a promising alternative for managing grapevine pruning waste, effectively reducing GTD pathogen transmission while enhancing beneficial endophytic communities.

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is an important threat to vineyards in North America due to severe impacts to vine health, fruit composition, and wine quality. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of crop thinning to mitigate the effects of GRBV in Cabernet Sauvignon in the Okanagan Valley and to determine if GRBV viral load plays a role in vine health and fruit composition. A commercial Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard was studied over 2 years. GRBV(+) and GRBV(−) vines were paired and assigned a cropping treatment of either 1.5 clusters per shoot (1.5 C/S) or one cluster per shoot (1.0 C/S). Vine health parameters, including leaf greenness, leaf gas exchange, pruning weights, and bud hardiness, were measured throughout the growing season, and fruit composition was assessed at harvest. GRBV viral load was measured at four stages during the growing season using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). GRBV(+) vines had higher berry and cluster weights, yields, and crop loads, and lower pruning weights. GRBV(+) vines had drastically reduced Brix, as well as decreased yeast assimilable nitrogen, and increased titratable acidity and pH. Skin and seed phenolic profiles were unaffected by GRBV. Crop thinning decreased yields and increased pruning weights, resulting in lower crop loads. However, crop thinning had no impact on vine health or fruit composition of GRBV(+) nor GRBV(−) vines. GRBV viral load was positively correlated with skin anthocyanins, tartaric esters, flavonols, and tannins, and negatively correlated with stomatal conductance, cluster weight, yield, berry weight, and titratable acidity. GRBV significantly altered fruit composition in Cabernet Sauvignon and is not remedied by crop thinning. GRBV viral load had no clear influence on vine health and fruit composition. Due to the lack of impact of crop thinning in GRBV(−) vines, we show no benefit to thinning Cabernet Sauvignon past 1.5 C/S in the Okanagan Valley.

D. Uriarte, L. G. Santesteban, J. M. Mirás-Avalos, et al., “Quantifying the Effects of Water Status on Grapevine Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Grape Composition Through a Collaborative Analysis,” Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 2025 (2025): 1588228, https://doi.org/10.1155/ajgw/1588228.

In the article titled “Quantifying the Effects of Water Status on Grapevine Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Grape Composition Through a Collaborative Analysis,” there was an error in the Funding section, where the projects have been presented incorrectly. The corrected section appears below:

Funding

The research was carried out within the project PID2021-123305OB-C32 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR and by FEDER, UE.

Additionally, there was an error in the Acknowledgments section, where the statement has been presented incorrectly. The corrected section appears below:

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by projects AGL2017-90759-REDT, PDC2021-121210-C21, PDC2021-121210-C22, PID2021-123305OB-C31, and PID2021-123305OB-C32 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR and by FEDER, UE.

We apologize for these errors.

Today’s wine and Pisco grape production in Peru is largely dominated by a reduced number of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties. However, Peru is home to a high number of lesser-known local varieties that are still present in traditional vineyards and/or preserved in national or regional grapevine collections, of interest to diversify the local industry. Here, we analyzed 121 grapevine accessions preserved in the ampelographic collection of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA-EEA) at Chincha (Ica, Peru), using a combined SNP and SSR genetic profiling strategy for their molecular characterization and identification. This approach led to the differentiation of 45 different grapevine genetic profiles, 40 of them corresponding to already catalogued table and wine grape varieties of diverse geographic origin. Interestingly, we found five grapevines with genetic profiles not registered before. Some of them were found to be descendants of Listán Prieto and/or Muscat of Alexandria, increasing the known role of these two varieties as founders of the Criolla varieties, the autochthonous South American grapevine germplasm. A predominance of the varieties Listán Prieto and Quebranta was also observed, as they were found to be preserved multiple times in the INIA-EEA Grapevine Collection under different local synonyms. Strikingly, the phenotypic description of different accessions matching the genotypes of these two relevant varieties showed a high degree of phenotypic diversity, including the identification of novel berry-color and Muscat-flavored somatic variants that might have a direct impact toward local grape industry diversification. These findings underline the importance of the local genetic resources preserved at the INIA-EEA Grapevine Collection for grapevine improvement. Registering the newly identified varieties and somatic variants with novel traits of interest would represent a crucial first step toward making this plant material available to local grape growers, ultimately promoting the diversification of the Peruvian grape, wine, and Pisco industries.

Background and Aims: The occurrence of frost after budburst is extremely damaging to the wine industry. This research aims to understand frost risk after budburst in Australian wine-growing regions amid a changing climate, investigating the factors driving frost events and their implications for grape production.

Methods and Results: Using historical climate data and modelled budburst date, this study assesses the spatiotemporal trends in frost occurrence after budburst from 1910 to 2019. This research demonstrates that recent climate variability and changes in frost risk are complex and vary between wine regions. Whilst the majority of wine regions showed no significant trend over time, some regions—predominantly in SA and WA—exhibited a decreasing frost risk after budburst. Conversely, some inland wine regions demonstrated an increasing trend in frost potential days, suggesting that frost risk may be worsening in these regions. The influence of climate drivers—ENSO, IOD and SAM—on frost occurrence was also evaluated, highlighting ENSO and IOD as significant factors in Eastern Australia, particularly during positive phases when drier conditions increase frost likelihood.

Conclusions: This research demonstrates that recent climate variability and changes in frost risk are complex and vary between wine regions. The assessment of the historic datasets showed varied trends in frost risk potential (both increasing and decreasing trends), while modelling indicated a reduction in overall frost risk. Ongoing monitoring and adaptation efforts are essential to address regional disparities and ensure the resilience of the wine industry to changing climatic conditions.

Understanding vineyard spatial structure can help optimise grape production and ultimately wine quality by targeting the application of inputs through precision viticulture methods. We explored the spatially dependent variability of various soil, vine and fruit parameters, including yield and grape composition, in a South Australian Shiraz vineyard located in the Barossa Valley during the 2022/23 season. Our aim was to investigate the interdependencies between spatial structures within a vineyard block as related to soil and vine metrics, including predawn leaf water potential, midday stem water potential and leaf gas exchange under different soil moisture conditions. Maps of each parameter were produced using 114 spatially separated data points per variogram. Yield components were measured at harvest, and fruit composition was assessed at harvest across the vineyard at the same points. Soil parameters were found to have stronger spatial structure than vine parameters (e.g., leaf gas exchange, stem water potential) and were therefore deemed to be better predictors of overall vineyard variability. The pattern of spatial variability of a given soil or vine parameter was influenced by the spatial pattern of the underlying parameters that influence it.