Metal-based porous hydrogels for highly conductive biomaterial scaffolds

Abstract Multielectrode arrays are fabricated from thin films of highly conductive and ductile metals, which cannot mimic the natural environment of biological tissues. These properties limit the conformability of the electrode to the underlying target tissue and present challenges in developing seamless interfaces. By introducing porous, hydrogel materials that are embedded with metal additives, highly conductive hydrogels can be formed. Tuning the hydrogel composition, % volume and aspect ratio of different additive(s), and the processing conditions of these composite materials can alter the mechanical and electrical properties. The resulting materials have a high surface area and can be used as biomaterial scaffolds to support the growth of macrophages for 5 days. Further optimization can enable the use of the materials for the electrodes in implantable arrays, or as living electrode platforms, to study and modulate various cellular cultures. These advancements would benefit both in vivo and in vitro applications of tissue engineering.