在非古典哲学发展的背景下,在尼采的教导中克服欧洲虚无主义

Aleksey Felixowitch ZAHARCHUK
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究的主题是弗里德里希·尼采的虚无主义概念,作为他的社会哲学观点的一个组成部分。在弗里德里希·尼采反思社会的背景下讨论虚无主义概念的相关性在于,在哲学家看来,虚无主义是证明现代西方文明危机本质的主要概念。弗里德里希·尼采认为,正是由于虚无主义,从历史的角度来看,西方社会注定要衰落和死亡。因此,弗里德里希·尼采对社会问题的批判方法本质上是概念性的,从历史哲学的角度来看,尼采的批判有助于形成大众社会的形成问题以及西方哲学和社会思想中西方文化危机的观点。根据研究的目的,本文将尼采对社会的批判置于非古典哲学著名代表人物对这种批判的接受和反思的语境中进行分析,这对于西方文化现代话语的形成具有重要意义。本文分析了尼采对西方社会发展前景持否定态度的前提是虚无主义的概念。虚无主义和理性主义之间的密切联系值得注意,根据哲学家的观点,理性主义是社会道德衰落的先决条件。强调尼采在一般哲学观念层面对理性主义的基本批判在哲学家考虑具体的社会政治过程时存在一定偏差。结论是,正是在尼采的观点中,理性与非理性概念之间关系的复杂性最具特征地体现在社会政治方面。这种复杂性实际上超越了纯粹的尼采哲学,成为许多非古典哲学代表反思的主题。本文以一些研究尼采哲学的学者的陈述为基础,论证了哲学家的反非理性主义可以被理解为一种建设性的方式,作为对理性本质的现代观念的补充和深化,而不总是理性对人和社会的积极影响。因此,弗里德里希·尼采的哲学为西方文化中关于社会矛盾本质的思想的进一步深化提供了先决条件,在这种矛盾本质中,理性和非理性因素不可避免地交织在一起。
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OVERCOMING EUROPEAN NIHILISM IN THE TEACHINGS OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
The subject of the study is Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of nihilism as an integral part of his socio-philosophical views.The relevance of addressing the concept of nihilism in the context of Friedrich Nietzsche’s reflections on society is due to the fact that, in the philosopher’s view, nihilism is the main concept for substantiating the idea of the crisis nature of modern Western civilization. It is because of nihilism, Friedrich Nietzsche believed, that Western society in the historical perspective is doomed to decline and death.So, Friedrich Nietzsche’s critical approach to the problems of society is conceptual in nature, in a historical-philosophical sense, Nietzschean criticism contributed to the formation of the problem of the formation of a mass society and the idea of a crisis of Western culture in Western philosophical and social thought.In accordance with the purpose of the research, the article analyzes the Nietzschean criticism of society in the context of the reception and reflection of this criticism in the thoughts of famous representatives of non-classical philosophy, which is important for the formation of the modern discourse of Western culture.The paper analyzes the concept of nihilism as a prerequisite for Friedrich Nietzsche’s negative attitude towards the development prospects of Western society. The close connection between the idea of nihilism and rationalism is noted, it is rationalism, according to the philosopher, that is a prerequisite for the moral decline of society.It is emphasized that Friedrich Nietzsche’s fundamental criticism of rationalism at the level of general philosophical ideas has certain deviations when the philosopher considers specific socio-political processes.It is concluded that it is precisely in the socio-political aspect in the views of Friedrich Nietzsche that the complexity of the relationship between the concepts of rational and irrational is most characteristically manifested. This complexity actually goes beyond purely Nietzschean philosophy and becomes a subject of reflection for many representatives of non-classical philosophy.The article, based on the statements of a number of researchers of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, proves the opinion that the philosopher’s anti-irrationalism can be understood in a constructive way, as a supplement and deepening of modern ideas about the nature of the rational, and not always the positive influence of the rational on man and society.Thus, the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche acts as a prerequisite for the further deepening of ideas in Western culture about the contradictory nature of society in which rational and irrational elements are inextricably intertwined.
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