Environmental Sustainability Achievement on Diesel Engine Emissions Using Mahua Biodiesel Influenced by Graphite

Aims: To assess the performance and emission parameters of graphite-included mahua biodiesel at various proportions such as 10 ppm, 40 ppm, and 70 ppm. Background: The fuels derived from petroleum are harmful to the environment and deplete traditional energy sources. The discovery of alternative fuels has paved the way for various options. Studies suggest replacing diesel with vegetable oils. Neat vegetable oil has a high viscosity and low volatility characteristics, making it unsuitable for diesel engines. Methods: Transesterification of mahua seed oil produces biodiesel with graphite distributed in varying concentrations by ultra sonification. Mahua biodiesel shows reduced viscosity compared to neat vegetable oil, and it will be used as diesel in diesel engines. Graphite nanoparticles contained in mahua biodiesel mix (B30) indicate improved brake thermal efficiency, reduced brake-specific fuel consumption, and reduced carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and smoke density. Conclusion: The results of this investigation showed that multi-cylinder diesel engines with direct injection can use optimal blend B30, which incorporates graphite nanoparticles, without requiring any modifications to the engine.