Surveying the genomic landscape of silage-quality traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

Despite the longstanding importance of silage as a critical feed source for ruminants, its quality improvement has been largely overlooked. Although numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes affecting silage quality in maize have been reported, only a few have been effectively incorporated into breeding programs. Addressing this gap, the present study undertook a comprehensive meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis involving 523 QTL associated with silage-quality traits collected from 14 published studies. Of the 523 QTL, 405 were projected onto a consensus map comprising 62,424 genetic markers, resulting in the identification of 60 MQTL and eight singletons. The average confidence interval (CI) of the MQTL was 3.9-fold smaller than that of the source QTL. Nine of the 60 identified MQTL were classified as breeder’s MQTL owing to their small CIs, involvement of more QTL, and large contribution to phenotypic variation. One-third of the MQTL co-localized with DNA marker-trait associations identified in previous genome-wide association mapping studies. A set of 78 high-confidence candidate genes influencing silage quality were identified in the MQTL regions. These genes and associated markers may advance marker-assisted breeding for maize silage quality.