基于云介导的气溶胶强迫卫星估计的前沿

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI:10.1029/2022RG000799
Daniel Rosenfeld, Alexander Kokhanovsky, Tom Goren, Edward Gryspeerdt, Otto Hasekamp, Hailing Jia, Anton Lopatin, Johannes Quaas, Zengxin Pan, Odran Sourdeval
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引用次数: 1

摘要

大气气溶胶以多种方式影响地球气候,包括作为云滴形成的种子。由于这些粒子的很大一部分是人为的,云的微物理和辐射特征在全球范围内受到人类活动的影响,导致重要的气候效应。大气顶部能量收支的相应变化被定义为气溶胶-云相互作用(ERFaci)引起的有效辐射强迫。据估计,ERFaci目前抵消了近四分之一的温室气体引起的变暖,但不确定性在两个因素之内。计算ERFaci的一种常用方法是将云辐射效应对气溶胶变化的敏感性乘以气溶胶浓度的人为变化。这必须通过在所有云系统中集成它来完成。在这里,我们回顾了ERFaci估计的各种方法。全球测量需要卫星的全球覆盖。在多云大气中定量气溶胶量的挑战遇到了新方法的快速发展。基于气溶胶的光学特性,包括偏振,可以从太空中获取气溶胶的特征。作为云滴凝结核的气溶胶的浓度也可以通过它们对卫星检索的云滴数浓度的影响来估计。这些观测值对于减少由全球气候模式(gcm)计算的ERFaci的不确定性至关重要,但需要进一步发展,使gcm能够正确模拟并受益于这些新的观测值。
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Frontiers in Satellite-Based Estimates of Cloud-Mediated Aerosol Forcing

Atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's climate in many ways, including acting as the seeds on which cloud droplets form. Since a large fraction of these particles is anthropogenic, the clouds' microphysical and radiative characteristics are influenced by human activity on a global scale leading to important climatic effects. The respective change in the energy budget at the top of the atmosphere is defined as the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interaction (ERFaci). It is estimated that the ERFaci offsets presently nearly 1/4 of the greenhouse-induced warming, but the uncertainty is within a factor of two. A common method to calculate the ERFaci is by the multiplication of the susceptibility of the cloud radiative effect to changes in aerosols by the anthropogenic change of the aerosol concentration. This has to be done by integrating it over all cloud regimes. Here we review the various methods of the ERFaci estimation. Global measurements require satellites' global coverage. The challenge of quantifying aerosol amounts in cloudy atmospheres are met with the rapid development of novel methodologies reviewed here. The aerosol characteristics can be retrieved from space based on their optical properties, including polarization. The concentrations of the aerosols that serve as cloud drop condensation nuclei can be also estimated from their impact on the satellite-retrieved cloud drop number concentrations. These observations are critical for reducing the uncertainty in the ERFaci calculated from global climate models (GCMs), but further development is required to allow GCMs to properly simulate and benefit these novel observables.

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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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