多效性的模式和进化结果

Jianzhi Zhang
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引用次数: 2

摘要

多效性是指一个基因或一个突变影响多个表型性状的现象。虽然多效性的概念与孟德尔遗传学一样古老,但功能基因组学终于让人们第一次看到了基因组中大部分基因的多效性程度。在描述了量化多效性的概念和操作困难以及各种测量多效性方法的优缺点之后,我回顾了多效性的经验数据,这些数据通常显示多效性程度(即受影响性状的数量)呈l形分布,大多数基因具有低多效性。然后回顾了目前对多效性分子基础的理解。在接下来的评论中,我将讨论多效性的进化后果,重点关注以下主题的进展:复杂性的代价、调控与编码进化、环境多效性和适应、衰老和其他看似有害的特征的进化,以及多效性的进化解决方案。
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Patterns and Evolutionary Consequences of Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy refers to the phenomenon of one gene or one mutation affecting multiple phenotypic traits. While the concept of pleiotropy is as old as Mendelian genetics, functional genomics has finally allowed the first glimpses of the extent of pleiotropy for a large fraction of genes in a genome. After describing conceptual and operational difficulties in quantifying pleiotropy and the pros and cons of various methods for measuring pleiotropy, I review empirical data on pleiotropy, which generally show an L-shaped distribution of the degree of pleiotropy (i.e., the number of traits affected), with most genes having low pleiotropy. I then review the current understanding of the molecular basis of pleiotropy. In the rest of the review, I discuss evolutionary consequences of pleiotropy, focusing on advances in topics including the cost of complexity, regulatory versus coding evolution, environmental pleiotropy and adaptation, evolution of ageing and other seemingly harmful traits, and evolutionary resolution of pleiotropy.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.90
自引率
1.70%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is a scholarly publication that has been in circulation since 1970. It focuses on important advancements in the areas of ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics, with relevance to all forms of life on Earth. The journal features essay reviews that encompass various topics such as phylogeny, speciation, molecular evolution, behavior, evolutionary physiology, population dynamics, ecosystem processes, and applications in invasion biology, conservation, and environmental management. Recently, the current volume of the journal transitioned from a subscription-based model to open access through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. Consequently, all articles published in the current volume are now available under a CC BY license.
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