教育、就业、家庭形成行为和性别健康差距:韩国、美国和芬兰的跨国比较

Hyeyoung Woo, Lindsey Wilkinson, Soo-Yeon Yoon
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摘要

尽管近几十年来女性的社会地位有所提高,但与男性相比,女性的健康水平仍然较低。本研究以韩国、美国和芬兰为例,探讨了个体因素(即教育、就业和家庭形成行为)和总体因素(即性别背景、工作文化和工作-家庭政策)在性别与健康之间关系中的作用。研究结果表明,即使将教育、就业和家庭状况考虑在内,韩国和美国女性的健康水平也低于男性,尤其是在年轻人中。然而,在芬兰,妇女的健康水平并不低于男子。此外,在老年人中,芬兰妇女比芬兰男子表现出健康优势。研究结果表明,传统的性别角色期望、工作时间长以及工作与家庭平衡不平衡在很大程度上造成了韩国和美国在健康方面的性别差异。工作中的性别平等主义、减少工作时间以及更有利于家庭的工作政策应该有助于减少这种差距。
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Education, Employment, Family Formation Behaviors, and the Gender Health Gap: A Cross-National Comparison of Korea, the United States, and Finland
Abstract Despite improvements in the social status of women in recent decades, women still tend to report lower levels of health compared to men. This study examines the role of individual factors (i.e., education, employment, and family formation behaviors) and aggregate factors (i.e., gender context, work cultures, and work-family policy) in the association between gender and health using the cases of Korea, the United States, and Finland. The study’s results indicate that women experience lower levels of health than men in Korea and the United States, especially among younger adults, even after accounting for education, employment, and family status. In Finland, however, women do not have lower levels of health than men. Moreover, among older individuals, Finnish women exhibit a health advantage relative to Finnish men. The findings indicate that traditional gender role expectations, long hours at work, and inadequate work-family balance largely account for gender disparities in health in Korea and the United States. Gender egalitarianism at work, reduced work hours, and more family friendly work policies should help reduce such disparities.
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