Review of Patent Preparation of Medical Tracheal Stents

Background: The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system, which is tubular. The upper part of the trachea connects to the throat, and its lower left and right branches lead to the lungs. The foreign body, compression of organs, and destruction of the tracheal ring can cause trachea stenosis. Mild tracheal stenosis can cause difficulty breathing, while severe tracheal stenosis can lead to death from respiratory failure, seriously endangering patients' quality of life. Tracheal stents are a prosthesis that addresses tracheal lumen obstruction or stenosis and maintains the diameter and patency of the lumen structure by providing internal support in resistance to external pressure to relieve patients' symptoms. Objective: This paper reviews the preparation methods of tracheal stents with various structures and similar vascular stents in recent years, looks for the deficiencies of existing preparation methods of tracheal stents, and finds new preparation methods to solve the functional defects of existing tracheal stents. Methods: Review the preparation patents of tracheal and vascular stents in recent years, and then analyze their advantages and disadvantages to find the improvement ideas of current tracheal stents to provide a direction for the future development of tracheal stent preparation technology. Results: Through the analysis and discussion of the existing technology, the existing problems and the future development direction of the tracheal stent preparation technology are found. Conclusion: A complete set of stent preparation technology for children should be designed for smaller stents, focusing on developing better-performance composite materials, and the new preparation technology should focus on the composite of various existing preparation technologies. In the future, we should pay attention to developing the preparation technology for tissue engineering stents.