切断创新引擎:联邦资金冲击如何影响大学专利、创业和出版

IF 11.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI:10.1093/qje/qjac046
Tania Babina, Alex Xi He, Sabrina T Howell, Elisabeth Ruth Perlman, Joseph Staudt
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引用次数: 4

摘要

摘要本文研究了联邦资助对高校科研人员创新产出的影响。我们将22所大学的个人研究资助与美国人口普查局的专利、出版物和职业成果联系起来。我们关注的是,在研究人员先前存在的狭窄研究领域中,大规模、特殊和临时削减联邦资助的影响。使用事件研究设计,我们证明这些负面的联邦资金冲击减少了高科技创业和出版物,但增加了专利申请。失去的出版物往往质量更高,更基本,而额外的专利往往质量较低,不那么普遍,更多的是私人转让。这些联邦资金的削减导致私人资金的增加,这部分弥补了联邦资金的减少。结合产学研合同的证据,研究结果表明,联邦资金削减将大学研究资金从联邦资金转移到私人资金来源,导致创新产出不太容易公开获取,而且更经常被企业资助者挪用。
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Cutting the Innovation Engine: How Federal Funding Shocks Affect University Patenting, Entrepreneurship, and Publications
Abstract This article studies how federal funding affects the innovation outputs of university researchers. We link person-level research grants from 22 universities to patents, publications, and career outcomes from the U.S. Census Bureau. We focus on the effects of large, idiosyncratic, and temporary cuts to federal funding in a researcher’s preexisting narrow field of study. Using an event study design, we document that these negative federal funding shocks reduce high-tech entrepreneurship and publications but increase patenting. The lost publications tend to be higher quality and more basic, whereas the additional patents tend to be lower quality, less general, and more often privately assigned. These federal funding cuts lead to an increase in private funding, which partially compensates for the decline in federal funding. Together with evidence from industry-university contracts, the results suggest that federal funding cuts shift university research funding from federal to private sources and lead to innovation outputs that are less openly accessible and more often appropriated by corporate funders.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
24.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
42
期刊介绍: The Quarterly Journal of Economics stands as the oldest professional journal of economics in the English language. Published under the editorial guidance of Harvard University's Department of Economics, it comprehensively covers all aspects of the field. Esteemed by professional and academic economists as well as students worldwide, QJE holds unparalleled value in the economic discourse.
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