Simon Anger, Matthias Jirousek, Stephan Dill, Timo Kempf, Markus Peichl
{"title":"空间卫星高分辨率逆合成孔径雷达成像","authors":"Simon Anger, Matthias Jirousek, Stephan Dill, Timo Kempf, Markus Peichl","doi":"10.1049/rsn2.12505","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In view of the increasing number of space objects, comprehensive high-quality space surveillance becomes ever more important. Radar is a powerful tool that, in addition to detection and tracking of objects, also enables spatially high-resolution imaging independent of daylight and most weather conditions. Together with the technique of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), very high-resolution and distance-independent two-dimensional images can be obtained. However, advanced high-performance radar imaging of space objects is a complex and demanding task, touching many technological and signal processing issues. Therefore, besides theoretical work, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and constructed an experimental radar system called IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space) for basic research on new concepts for the acquisition of advanced high-resolution radar image products of objects in a low earth orbit. Based on pulse radar technology, which enables precise calibration and error correction, IoSiS has imaged space objects with a spatial resolution in the centimetre range, being novel in public perception and accessible literature. The goal of this paper is therefore to communicate and illustrate comprehensively the technological steps for the construction and successful operation of advanced radar-based space surveillance. Besides the basic description of the IoSiS system design this paper outlines primarily useful theory for ISAR imaging of objects in space, together with relevant imaging parameters and main formulae. All relevant processing steps, necessary for very high-resolution imaging of satellites in practice, are introduced and verified by simulation results. Finally, a unique measurement result demonstrates the practicability of the introduced processing steps and error correction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50377,"journal":{"name":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12505","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in space\",\"authors\":\"Simon Anger, Matthias Jirousek, Stephan Dill, Timo Kempf, Markus Peichl\",\"doi\":\"10.1049/rsn2.12505\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>In view of the increasing number of space objects, comprehensive high-quality space surveillance becomes ever more important. Radar is a powerful tool that, in addition to detection and tracking of objects, also enables spatially high-resolution imaging independent of daylight and most weather conditions. Together with the technique of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), very high-resolution and distance-independent two-dimensional images can be obtained. However, advanced high-performance radar imaging of space objects is a complex and demanding task, touching many technological and signal processing issues. Therefore, besides theoretical work, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and constructed an experimental radar system called IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space) for basic research on new concepts for the acquisition of advanced high-resolution radar image products of objects in a low earth orbit. Based on pulse radar technology, which enables precise calibration and error correction, IoSiS has imaged space objects with a spatial resolution in the centimetre range, being novel in public perception and accessible literature. The goal of this paper is therefore to communicate and illustrate comprehensively the technological steps for the construction and successful operation of advanced radar-based space surveillance. Besides the basic description of the IoSiS system design this paper outlines primarily useful theory for ISAR imaging of objects in space, together with relevant imaging parameters and main formulae. All relevant processing steps, necessary for very high-resolution imaging of satellites in practice, are introduced and verified by simulation results. Finally, a unique measurement result demonstrates the practicability of the introduced processing steps and error correction strategies.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50377,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rsn2.12505\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"94\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/rsn2.12505\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"管理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iet Radar Sonar and Navigation","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/rsn2.12505","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
随着空间物体数量的不断增加,全面、高质量的空间监测变得越来越重要。雷达是一种强大的工具,除了探测和跟踪物体外,还可以实现不受日光和大多数天气条件影响的空间高分辨率成像。结合逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)技术,可以获得高分辨率和距离无关的二维图像。然而,空间目标的先进高性能雷达成像是一项复杂而苛刻的任务,涉及许多技术和信号处理问题。因此,在理论工作的基础上,德国航空航天中心微波与雷达研究所(DLR)开发并构建了IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space)实验雷达系统,对获取近地轨道物体先进高分辨率雷达图像产品的新概念进行基础研究。基于脉冲雷达技术,可以进行精确的校准和误差校正,IoSiS对空间物体进行了厘米范围的空间分辨率成像,在公众感知和可访问的文献中是新颖的。因此,本文的目标是全面交流和说明先进雷达空间监视系统的建设和成功运行的技术步骤。本文在对ISAR空间目标成像系统设计进行基本描述的基础上,简要介绍了ISAR空间目标成像的基本理论、成像参数和主要公式。介绍了卫星高分辨率成像实际需要的所有相关处理步骤,并通过仿真结果进行了验证。最后,一个独特的测量结果证明了所介绍的处理步骤和误差校正策略的实用性。
High-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in space
In view of the increasing number of space objects, comprehensive high-quality space surveillance becomes ever more important. Radar is a powerful tool that, in addition to detection and tracking of objects, also enables spatially high-resolution imaging independent of daylight and most weather conditions. Together with the technique of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), very high-resolution and distance-independent two-dimensional images can be obtained. However, advanced high-performance radar imaging of space objects is a complex and demanding task, touching many technological and signal processing issues. Therefore, besides theoretical work, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed and constructed an experimental radar system called IoSiS (Imaging of Satellites in Space) for basic research on new concepts for the acquisition of advanced high-resolution radar image products of objects in a low earth orbit. Based on pulse radar technology, which enables precise calibration and error correction, IoSiS has imaged space objects with a spatial resolution in the centimetre range, being novel in public perception and accessible literature. The goal of this paper is therefore to communicate and illustrate comprehensively the technological steps for the construction and successful operation of advanced radar-based space surveillance. Besides the basic description of the IoSiS system design this paper outlines primarily useful theory for ISAR imaging of objects in space, together with relevant imaging parameters and main formulae. All relevant processing steps, necessary for very high-resolution imaging of satellites in practice, are introduced and verified by simulation results. Finally, a unique measurement result demonstrates the practicability of the introduced processing steps and error correction strategies.
期刊介绍:
IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation covers the theory and practice of systems and signals for radar, sonar, radiolocation, navigation, and surveillance purposes, in aerospace and terrestrial applications.
Examples include advances in waveform design, clutter and detection, electronic warfare, adaptive array and superresolution methods, tracking algorithms, synthetic aperture, and target recognition techniques.