Historical analysis of innovation and research in physics instructional laboratories: Recurring themes and future directions

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Instructional labs: Improving traditions and new directions.] Physics instructional labs have long been an area of pedagogical innovation and educational research. While current stakeholders in instructional labs are undoubtedly aware of the day’s concerns, reform efforts, and empirical research within lab settings, likely less apparent are the deep-rooted connections today’s deliberations have with those from multiple educational eras across the last 200 years. To this end, this paper provides a historical analysis of instructional laboratories in undergraduate physics education in the United States, with the goal of elucidating recurring themes in educational reform and research aimed at improving these learning environments. This work aims to synthesize the recursive themes present in the instructional laboratory landscape while summarizing how new research and pedagogical trends can promote further growth in this important learning environment. Through this analysis, commonly recurring themes are identified related to the longitudinal criticism of confirmatory, “cookbook” lab structures, the community’s skepticism of instructional labs’ abilities to reinforce lecture content, and the possibility of technological and societal obstructions which may implicitly limit innovative ideas, pedagogy, and research. By bringing to light these latent recursive themes, this work hopes to work toward helping break the cycle of criticism and stifled innovation alongside recent positive movements in evidence-based reforms and promising empirical research into student learning and engagement in instructional labs.