操纵微生物群是癌症治疗的新概念

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Visceral Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI:10.1159/000534810
M. Spalinger, Michael Scharl
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:人体内有数十亿个细菌,它们为宿主提供营养,训练我们的免疫系统,并对我们的健康产生重要影响。长期以来,人们一直认为微生物可能在肿瘤发病机制中发挥作用;然而,直到过去几十年中,不依赖培养技术的新型检测方法被开发出来,才提供了令人信服的证据。摘要:微生物组在不同层面上影响着肿瘤的发展和抗肿瘤疗法。细菌可通过与癌细胞的直接相互作用、产生促进或抑制肿瘤生长的代谢物以及刺激或抑制局部和全身免疫反应来促进或抑制肿瘤生长。与健康对照组相比,癌症患者体内的微生物组截然不同,这有可能被用来检测、识别和治疗癌症。有人建议通过补充单一菌株、细菌联合体、粪便微生物群转移或使用预益生菌和益生菌来操纵微生物群,作为直接针对肿瘤生长或提高当前最先进治疗方案疗效的治疗方法。关键信息:(1)细菌对抗癌免疫反应有巨大影响。(2)与健康对照组相比,癌症患者体内的微生物组截然不同。(3)微生物组似乎具有癌症类型特异性。(4)利用细菌促进抗肿瘤治疗是癌症治疗中一个非常有前景的新领域。
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Microbiota Manipulation as an Emerging Concept in Cancer Therapy
Background: The human body is colonized by billions of bacteria that provide nutrients to the host, train our immune system, and importantly affect our heath. It has long been suggested that microbes might play a role in tumor pathogenesis; however, compelling evidence was only provided in the past decades when novel detection methods that do not depend on culturing techniques had been developed. Summary: The microbiome impacts tumor development and anti-tumor therapies on various levels. Bacteria can promote or suppress tumor growth via direct interactions with cancer cells, production of metabolites that promote or inhibit tumor growth, and via stimulation or suppression of the local and systemic immune response. Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls, which could potentially be employed to detect, identify, and treat cancer. Manipulation of the microbiome either via supplementation of single strains, bacterial consortia, fecal microbiota transfer or the use of pre- and probiotics has been suggested as therapeutic approach to directly target tumor growth or to enhance the efficacy of current state-of-the-art treatment options. Key Messages: (1) Bacteria have a tremendous impact on anti-cancer immune responses. (2) Cancer patients harbor a distinct microbiome when compared to healthy controls. (3) The microbiome seems to be cancer-type specific. (4) Exploitation of bacteria to promote anti-tumor therapy is a novel, very promising venue in cancer treatment.
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来源期刊
Visceral Medicine
Visceral Medicine Medicine-Surgery
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: This interdisciplinary journal is unique in its field as it covers the principles of both gastrointestinal medicine and surgery required for treating abdominal diseases. In each issue invited reviews provide a comprehensive overview of one selected topic. Thus, a sound background of the state of the art in clinical practice and research is provided. A panel of specialists in gastroenterology, surgery, radiology, and pathology discusses different approaches to diagnosis and treatment of the topic covered in the respective issue. Original articles, case reports, and commentaries make for further interesting reading.
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