大型语言模型的可解释性:调查

IF 7.2 4区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI:10.1145/3639372
Haiyan Zhao, Hanjie Chen, Fan Yang, Ninghao Liu, Huiqi Deng, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Mengnan Du
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大型语言模型(LLMs)在自然语言处理方面表现出了令人印象深刻的能力。然而,它们的内部机制仍不清楚,这种缺乏透明度的情况给下游应用带来了不必要的风险。因此,理解和解释这些模型对于阐明其行为、局限性和社会影响至关重要。在本文中,我们介绍了可解释性技术分类法,并对解释基于变换器的语言模型的方法进行了结构化概述。我们根据 LLM 的训练范式对技术进行分类:基于微调的传统范式和基于提示的范式。针对每种范式,我们总结了生成单个预测的局部解释和整体模型知识的全局解释的目标和主要方法。我们还讨论了评估所生成解释的指标,并讨论了如何利用解释来调试模型和提高性能。最后,与传统深度学习模型相比,我们探讨了 LLM 时代解释技术面临的主要挑战和新兴机遇。
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Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing. However, their internal mechanisms are still unclear and this lack of transparency poses unwanted risks for downstream applications. Therefore, understanding and explaining these models is crucial for elucidating their behaviors, limitations, and social impacts. In this paper, we introduce a taxonomy of explainability techniques and provide a structured overview of methods for explaining Transformer-based language models. We categorize techniques based on the training paradigms of LLMs: traditional fine-tuning-based paradigm and prompting-based paradigm. For each paradigm, we summarize the goals and dominant approaches for generating local explanations of individual predictions and global explanations of overall model knowledge. We also discuss metrics for evaluating generated explanations, and discuss how explanations can be leveraged to debug models and improve performance. Lastly, we examine key challenges and emerging opportunities for explanation techniques in the era of LLMs in comparison to conventional deep learning models.

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来源期刊
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
131
期刊介绍: ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology is a scholarly journal that publishes the highest quality papers on intelligent systems, applicable algorithms and technology with a multi-disciplinary perspective. An intelligent system is one that uses artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to offer important services (e.g., as a component of a larger system) to allow integrated systems to perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently in the real world. ACM TIST is published quarterly (six issues a year). Each issue has 8-11 regular papers, with around 20 published journal pages or 10,000 words per paper. Additional references, proofs, graphs or detailed experiment results can be submitted as a separate appendix, while excessively lengthy papers will be rejected automatically. Authors can include online-only appendices for additional content of their published papers and are encouraged to share their code and/or data with other readers.
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