确定破产法经济效率的方法论

O.O. Gavryliuk, V. Ustymenko, V.A. Filatov, I. Parasii-Verhunenko, V.M. Makhinchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

破产法是任何国家法律制度的重要组成部分。它具有双重功能--恢复债务人的偿债能力和将效率低下的经济实体清除出市场。破产法的效力直接影响到一个国家的投资吸引力和经济增长。因此,国际经济组织采用各种方法对国家破产机制进行评估,以确定和评价效力标准。尽管经济合作与发展组织(经合组织)制定了破产指标,但世界银行的国际营商环境排名成为 2021 年乌克兰破产立法改革的催化剂。值得注意的是,就准确性和客观性而言,评估该法律领域有效性的每种方法都各有利弊。由于编制者的偏见,最终评估结果可能会失真,这导致 2021 年的营商环境排名被取消。对乌克兰而言,鉴于破产机构在确保战时和平时经济效率方面的重要性,评估破产立法的有效性至关重要。它有助于确定改进法律监管的方向,包括使乌克兰立法与欧盟标准保持一致。这突出表明,有必要制定具体标准来评估立法改革的实用性,以提高适用于破产或清算程序所有参与者的效率。这将刺激经济增长,并使乌克兰立法与欧盟标准相一致。本研究采用法律经济分析方法对乌克兰破产法律机制有效性的各个方面进行了分析。研究成果将对促进有效规范债务人偿付能力的恢复和预防破产做出重大贡献。它们还将刺激经济增长,并使乌克兰立法与欧盟标准相一致。通过跨学科方法评估乌克兰破产法的有效性,本研究提出了确定乌克兰破产法经济效率的七项指标:1)资金回收率;2)案件处理时间;3)偿付能力恢复指数;4)破产(无力偿债)案件数量动态指数;5)商业环境指数;6)中小企业无力偿债政策指数;7)法律适用可预测性指数。通过所提出的方法,可以对国家破产政策的制定和实施结果进行评估。
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METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INSOLVENCY LAW
Insolvency law is an essential part of the legal system in any country. It serves a dual function – restoring the solvency of debtors and removing inefficient economic entities from the market. The effectiveness of insolvency law has a direct impact on a country's investment attractiveness and economic growth. This is why international economic organizations conduct assessments of national insolvency mechanisms using various approaches to define and evaluate effectiveness criteria. Despite the existence of an insolvency indicator developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the international Doing Business ranking by the World Bank became a catalyst for bankruptcy legislation reform in Ukraine in 2021. It is worth noting that each approach to evaluating the effectiveness of this area of law has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy and objectivity. The final assessments may be distorted due to biases of the compilers, which led to the cancellation of the Doing Business ranking in 2021. For Ukraine, the assessment of the effectiveness of insolvency legislation is crucial, given the importance of this institution in ensuring economic efficiency during both wartime and peacetime. It helps identify directions for improving legal regulation, including aligning Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. This highlights the need to develop specific criteria for evaluating the practicality of legislative changes to enhance the efficiency when applied to all participants in the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. It should stimulate economic growth and harmonize Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. This research analyzes various aspects of the effectiveness of insolvency legal mechanisms in Ukraine using the methodology of economic analysis of law, which has received insufficient attention in empirical studies and legislative work in Ukraine until now. The research findings will be a significant contribution to promoting effective regulation of debtor solvency restoration and preventing bankruptcy. They will also stimulate economic growth and harmonize Ukrainian legislation with European Union standards. Through the lens of interdisciplinary approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of insolvency law in Ukraine, the study proposes seven indicators for determining the economic efficiency of Ukrainian insolvency law: 1) Funds Recovery Ratio; 2) Case Processing Time; 3) Solvency Restoration Index; 4) Bankruptcy (Insolvency) Case Quantity Dynamics Index; 5) Business Climate Index; 6) Insolvency Policy Index for SMEs; 7) Legal Application Predictability Index. The proposed methodological approach allows for the assessment of the result of the formation and implementation of the state insolvency policy.
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