{"title":"根据格鲁吉亚-土耳其材料表达必然性语义的特殊性","authors":"Harun Cimke","doi":"10.61671/hos.6.2023.7367","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The verb mood conveyance system is different in almost all languages. The article deals with the peculiarity of expressing thesemantics of the necessity of a verb according to the Georgian-Turkish material, in particular, to find out what grammatical means exist to convey the semantics of the necessity of Georgian in Turkish.In general, the category of mood in Georgian is one of the most difficult and controversial issues. There is a difference of opinion inthe scientific literature regarding the number of moods. According to some scientists, a mood is three, according to some - four, some even name five, and in the end up to seven moods. In the grammars of the modern Georgian language, three moods are distinguished: narrative, connective and imperative. The others that could not take place in the language are as follows: demand, prohibition, conditional and consequential.It is interesting to discuss the Georgian-Turkish data regarding the mood category. This time we will talk about the means ofconveying the semantics of necessity in both languages. The number of moods of a verb in Turkish linguistic literature is five. These are: narrative, imperative, obligative, narrative, andrequest-conditional. In Georgian, the verb kilo is not decorated with a grammatical sign, ie kilo has no sign. It is one of the elements of a sequence and is expressed in the form of any sequence, it is mostly considered as a semantic category. In Turkish, all grammatical moods are marked.When conveying the semantics of Georgian necessity, a rather interesting picture is created in Turkish. In particular, in the sentence- \"himself - should be considered nobility and the peasant - peasantry\" = Turkish. \"Beyn bey olduğu, köylünün de köylü olduğu anlaşılmalı\". Due to the particle the obligation is expressed in both languages. \"This story must mean something, so it must have very beautiful eyes\" = Turk. „Bu haberin bir anlamı olmalı, normalde çok güzel gözleri olmalı“. The first proposition is doubtful and the second is speculative. In both cases, Turkish has the same meaning as in Georgian. \"What should I be afraid of; What to be ashamed of; What should I want ...! ”= Turk. „Neden korkmalıyım; neden utanmalıyım; ne isteyebilirim?“ Georgian must present an interesting picture when translating the present participle forms into Turkish. \"„Korkmalıyım, utanmalıyım“,\" = Turk. \"You can read like that!\" - Must also convey the action to be performed even in the particle II conjunction Turkish by means of thenecessary mood signs (-MALI, -MELİ).Comparative analysis of the forms of Georgian-Turkish verb moods clearly shows the common and different sides between the twostructurally different languages. Similarities and differences relate to the relevance of semantic, grammatical and lexical means.","PeriodicalId":509549,"journal":{"name":"აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობის მაცნე","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"PECULIARITIES OF CONVEYING THE SEMANTICS OF NECESSITY ACCORDING TO THE GEORGIAN-TURKISH MATERIAL\",\"authors\":\"Harun Cimke\",\"doi\":\"10.61671/hos.6.2023.7367\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The verb mood conveyance system is different in almost all languages. The article deals with the peculiarity of expressing thesemantics of the necessity of a verb according to the Georgian-Turkish material, in particular, to find out what grammatical means exist to convey the semantics of the necessity of Georgian in Turkish.In general, the category of mood in Georgian is one of the most difficult and controversial issues. There is a difference of opinion inthe scientific literature regarding the number of moods. According to some scientists, a mood is three, according to some - four, some even name five, and in the end up to seven moods. In the grammars of the modern Georgian language, three moods are distinguished: narrative, connective and imperative. The others that could not take place in the language are as follows: demand, prohibition, conditional and consequential.It is interesting to discuss the Georgian-Turkish data regarding the mood category. This time we will talk about the means ofconveying the semantics of necessity in both languages. The number of moods of a verb in Turkish linguistic literature is five. These are: narrative, imperative, obligative, narrative, andrequest-conditional. In Georgian, the verb kilo is not decorated with a grammatical sign, ie kilo has no sign. It is one of the elements of a sequence and is expressed in the form of any sequence, it is mostly considered as a semantic category. In Turkish, all grammatical moods are marked.When conveying the semantics of Georgian necessity, a rather interesting picture is created in Turkish. In particular, in the sentence- \\\"himself - should be considered nobility and the peasant - peasantry\\\" = Turkish. \\\"Beyn bey olduğu, köylünün de köylü olduğu anlaşılmalı\\\". Due to the particle the obligation is expressed in both languages. \\\"This story must mean something, so it must have very beautiful eyes\\\" = Turk. „Bu haberin bir anlamı olmalı, normalde çok güzel gözleri olmalı“. The first proposition is doubtful and the second is speculative. In both cases, Turkish has the same meaning as in Georgian. \\\"What should I be afraid of; What to be ashamed of; What should I want ...! ”= Turk. „Neden korkmalıyım; neden utanmalıyım; ne isteyebilirim?“ Georgian must present an interesting picture when translating the present participle forms into Turkish. \\\"„Korkmalıyım, utanmalıyım“,\\\" = Turk. \\\"You can read like that!\\\" - Must also convey the action to be performed even in the particle II conjunction Turkish by means of thenecessary mood signs (-MALI, -MELİ).Comparative analysis of the forms of Georgian-Turkish verb moods clearly shows the common and different sides between the twostructurally different languages. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
几乎所有语言的动词情态表达系统都不尽相同。本文根据格鲁吉亚语-土耳其语的材料,探讨了表达动词必要性语义的特殊性,尤其是找出用土耳其语表达格鲁吉亚语必要性语义的语法手段。科学文献中对情态的数量存在不同看法。一些科学家认为,一种情绪有三种,一些认为有四种,一些甚至认为有五种,最后最多有七种情绪。在现代格鲁吉亚语语法中,有三种语气:叙述语气、连接语气和命令语气。格鲁吉亚语中不存在的其他语态包括:要求语态、禁止语态、条件语态和结果语态。这次我们将讨论这两种语言中传达必要性语义的方法。 在土耳其语言文献中,动词的语气有五种。它们是:叙述式、命令式、强制式、叙述式和请求条件式。在格鲁吉亚语中,动词 kilo 不带语法符号,即 kilo 没有符号。它是语序的要素之一,可以以任何语序的形式表达,主要被视为一个语义范畴。在土耳其语中,所有的语法情态都有标记。在传达格鲁吉亚语必要性的语义时,土耳其语会产生一幅相当有趣的画面。特别是在句子 "自己--应被视为贵族,农民--应被视为农民"=土耳其语中。"Beyn bey olduğu,köylünün de köylü olduğu anlaşılmalı"。由于使用了微词,两种语言都表达了义务。"这个故事一定有意义,所以它的眼睛一定很漂亮"= 土耳其语。"Bu haberin bir anlamı olmalı, normalde çok güzel gözleri olmalı"。第一个命题值得怀疑,第二个命题则是推测。在这两种情况下,土耳其语的意思与格鲁吉亚语相同。"我应该害怕什么;应该感到羞耻什么;我应该想要什么......!"= 土耳其语"Neden korkmalıyım; neden utanmalıyım; ne isteyebilirim?" = 土耳其语。将现在分词形式翻译成土耳其语时,格鲁吉亚语一定会呈现出一幅有趣的画面。""Korkmalıyım,utanmalıyım"," = 土耳其语。"你可以这样读!"- 对格鲁吉亚语和土耳其语动词情态形式的比较分析清楚地表明了这两种结构不同的语言之间的共同点和不同点。相同点和不同点都与语义、语法和词汇手段有关。
PECULIARITIES OF CONVEYING THE SEMANTICS OF NECESSITY ACCORDING TO THE GEORGIAN-TURKISH MATERIAL
The verb mood conveyance system is different in almost all languages. The article deals with the peculiarity of expressing thesemantics of the necessity of a verb according to the Georgian-Turkish material, in particular, to find out what grammatical means exist to convey the semantics of the necessity of Georgian in Turkish.In general, the category of mood in Georgian is one of the most difficult and controversial issues. There is a difference of opinion inthe scientific literature regarding the number of moods. According to some scientists, a mood is three, according to some - four, some even name five, and in the end up to seven moods. In the grammars of the modern Georgian language, three moods are distinguished: narrative, connective and imperative. The others that could not take place in the language are as follows: demand, prohibition, conditional and consequential.It is interesting to discuss the Georgian-Turkish data regarding the mood category. This time we will talk about the means ofconveying the semantics of necessity in both languages. The number of moods of a verb in Turkish linguistic literature is five. These are: narrative, imperative, obligative, narrative, andrequest-conditional. In Georgian, the verb kilo is not decorated with a grammatical sign, ie kilo has no sign. It is one of the elements of a sequence and is expressed in the form of any sequence, it is mostly considered as a semantic category. In Turkish, all grammatical moods are marked.When conveying the semantics of Georgian necessity, a rather interesting picture is created in Turkish. In particular, in the sentence- "himself - should be considered nobility and the peasant - peasantry" = Turkish. "Beyn bey olduğu, köylünün de köylü olduğu anlaşılmalı". Due to the particle the obligation is expressed in both languages. "This story must mean something, so it must have very beautiful eyes" = Turk. „Bu haberin bir anlamı olmalı, normalde çok güzel gözleri olmalı“. The first proposition is doubtful and the second is speculative. In both cases, Turkish has the same meaning as in Georgian. "What should I be afraid of; What to be ashamed of; What should I want ...! ”= Turk. „Neden korkmalıyım; neden utanmalıyım; ne isteyebilirim?“ Georgian must present an interesting picture when translating the present participle forms into Turkish. "„Korkmalıyım, utanmalıyım“," = Turk. "You can read like that!" - Must also convey the action to be performed even in the particle II conjunction Turkish by means of thenecessary mood signs (-MALI, -MELİ).Comparative analysis of the forms of Georgian-Turkish verb moods clearly shows the common and different sides between the twostructurally different languages. Similarities and differences relate to the relevance of semantic, grammatical and lexical means.