以色列穆斯林眼中的巴以危机原因

Simon Gureshidze
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摘要

一般来说,大量的论文、书籍、论文和学术会议都是专门讨论以色列-阿拉伯对抗的原因的,而有关问题的复杂性和多样性仍有待探讨。哈马斯发动的上述袭击再次引起了国际社会和该领域专家的关注。悲剧发生后,世界各地不同城市举行了前所未有的大规模集会,支持巴勒斯坦人。在一些国家,人们意见分歧,相互对立,一些人支持以色列开展的合法军事活动,而另一些人在要求避免无辜受害者的同时,呼吁反对对巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人的持续压迫。尽管以色列历史上巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人和犹太人和平共处的事例比比皆是,但不仅各国各阶层民众,而且学术界也经常提出巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人和犹太人不相容的理论,而关于人口、经济和教派原因的讨论也证实了这一点。我们绝不能接受这种态度;因此,在本文中,我们将尽力回答这样一个问题:在以色列,穆斯林群体与国家之间是否真的存在不可逾越的对立;多数群体与少数群体之间关系的主要分水岭在哪里;除了已经讨论和探讨过的原因之外,还有哪些因素助长了伊斯兰极端主义的加剧,以及哪些条件有利于穆斯林在以色列的和平共处和融合。
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Causes of the Palestine-Israel Crisis as Perceived by Israeli Muslims
Generally, a great number of papers, books, theses, scholarly conferences have been dedicated to causes of the Israeli-Arabconfrontation, and the problem in question will still be explored in its complexity and diversity. The aforementioned assault, launched by Hamas, once again attracted attention of the world community and of specialists of the domain. The tragedy was followed by unprecedented large-scale rallies supporting Palestinians held in various cities all over the world. In some countries, people were split and confronted each other, whereby some supported the quite legitimate military activities, carried out by Israel, while others, alongside demanding avoidance of innocent victims, appeal against incessant oppression of Palestinian Arabs. Irrespective of the fact that the history of Israel abounds in instances of peaceful cohabitation of Palestinian Arabs and Jews, notonly various layers of populations of various countries, but also academic circles frequently posit the theory about the incompatibility of Palestinian Arabs and Jews, having been corroborated by discussions on demographic, economic and confessional causes. We can in no way accept this attitude; thus, in the present paper, we will do our best to answer the question whether there actually is insurmountable antagonism between Muslim communities and the state in Israel, where is the main watershed in the relationship between the majority and minorities, and, aside already discussed and explored causes, what other factors facilitate intensification of Islamist extremism and what conditions facilitate Muslims’ peaceful cohabitation and integration in Israel.
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