Two is better than one—Examining biology-specific TPACK and its T-dimensions from two angles

Abstract Until now, TPACK has mostly been measured by subject-unspecific self-report measures. In contrast, this study introduces and analyzes an objective and biology-specific performance assessment of the four T-dimensions of TPACK. This instrument was used in combination with a biology-specific self-report measure to examine 206 biology teacher students at an Austrian university. Using two test instruments to measure the same construct allows direct comparison and increases validity. Structural equation models were calculated to analyze and compare the internal structure of the four T-dimensions within the two instruments. Although different test formats were used, for which the dimensions showed moderate correlations, the data for both test formats showed a similar internal structure and support a transformative view due to lack of direct influence of technological knowledge (TK) on TPACK.