Bacteriologic Profile, Antibiotics Resistance Pattern, and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to Lancet General Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Prior studies indicated increased antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia, with related health, economic, and environmental  costs. Knowing an institutions and population microbiologic profile allows for proper antibiotic treatment, which substantially impact  patients’ outcomes such as healthcare related costs, morbidity, and mortality. The current study assessed the bacteriologic profile,   resistance pattern, and treatment outcome in Lancet General Hospital. Method: A retrospective cohort study on the bacteriologic profile, antibiotics resistance pattern, and outcome of patients was done on  128 eligible patients who were admitted to Lancet General Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Data from all hospitalized patients with  culture-confirmed infection were analyzed. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Association between independent and  dependent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression model. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were recovered in 77% of the  cases. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 37.5% (54) isolates and carbapenem resistant  bacteria were identified in 27.8% of patients. In-hospital mortality from multidrug resistant bacterial infection was 14.8%. Age ≥ 65 years, presence of septic shock, and presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria were independently associated with increased in-hospital  mortality. Conclusion: High number of resistant microorganisms was isolated, and increased mortality was documented from infections  caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Multi-center studies should be done to determine the extent of resistant organisms in health  facilities throughout the country.epidemiology, and the findings should be factored into clinical decision making and program design for  disease prevention, screening, and treatment. It also calls for further prospective research to learn more about the conditions in the  context of additional relevant personal and clinical characteristics