Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with a prevalence of 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 adult population. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are reported in the advanced phase of the disease due to leukostasis, thrombosis, bleeding, infection, and CNS infiltration. However, CNS manifestations are uncommon in the chronic phase (CP) of CML, and an alternate diagnosis should be considered for symptomatic patients. We report a ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as an initial presentation in a previously undetected CML patient.
{"title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage in a newly diagnosed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia patient: A diagnostic challenge","authors":"Zekewos Demissie, Brook Alemayehu, Nahom Zemedkun, Fisihatsion Tadesse","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with a prevalence of 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 adult population. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are reported in the advanced phase of the disease due to leukostasis, thrombosis, bleeding, infection, and CNS infiltration. However, CNS manifestations are uncommon in the chronic phase (CP) of CML, and an alternate diagnosis should be considered for symptomatic patients. We report a ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as an initial presentation in a previously undetected CML patient.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The enhancement of reproductive health in women can result in an improvement of children’s nutritional status resulting in improvement of reproductive health. This association is important for sustainable population growth without overusing resources. This study aims to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and contraceptive use.Method: A study was conducted on 651 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts), Lideta Sub-city from February to March 2023. Six Ketenas (villages) were selected using a probability proportional to size technique from three Woredas. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. The Pearson chi-square test (c2) and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and contraceptive use, considering other covariates.Result: Modern contraception usage was at 50.5% in the study area. Women with food insecurity had only a 32.0% usage rate, while those who were food secure had the higher rate of 68.7%. Women in food-insecure households had a 76.5% lower chance of using modern contraception. Positive attitude, family planning information, partner discussion, income, and childhood mortality were associated with contraceptive use (p <0.05).Conclusion: Use of modern methods of contraception showed a negative correlation with food insecurity. Therefore, addressing household food insecurity as a potential obstacle to the development of family planning services requires comprehensive stakeholder engagement and socio-economic policy intervention.
{"title":"Understanding the link between urban household food insecurity and contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Ephrem Tadesse Goda, Terefe Degefa Boshera, Mengistu Ketema Aredo","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The enhancement of reproductive health in women can result in an improvement of children’s nutritional status resulting in improvement of reproductive health. This association is important for sustainable population growth without overusing resources. This study aims to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and contraceptive use.Method: A study was conducted on 651 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts), Lideta Sub-city from February to March 2023. Six Ketenas (villages) were selected using a probability proportional to size technique from three Woredas. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. The Pearson chi-square test (c2) and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and contraceptive use, considering other covariates.Result: Modern contraception usage was at 50.5% in the study area. Women with food insecurity had only a 32.0% usage rate, while those who were food secure had the higher rate of 68.7%. Women in food-insecure households had a 76.5% lower chance of using modern contraception. Positive attitude, family planning information, partner discussion, income, and childhood mortality were associated with contraceptive use (p <0.05).Conclusion: Use of modern methods of contraception showed a negative correlation with food insecurity. Therefore, addressing household food insecurity as a potential obstacle to the development of family planning services requires comprehensive stakeholder engagement and socio-economic policy intervention.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Getachew Assefa Zenebe, Abinet Meno, T. L. Lerango
Background: Intention to leave describes an employee’s intention or plan to leave their current job and seek alternative employment opportunities. This intention serves as an early indicator of potential turnover behavior. Notably, no comprehensive national data in the country reveals the extent and underlying factors associated with this phenomenon.Objective: To examine health professionals’ intention to leave their jobs in public health facilities and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods: Studies were searched for using databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Science Direct, and HINARI, while Google Scholar was utilized for accessing gray literature. This review covers both published and unpublished studies containing quantitative data written in English, focusing on the intention of health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. All necessary data were extracted by two independent authors and imported into STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Heterogeneity was checked by using a χ2 and I2 tests. Publication bias was examined by performing Egger’s correlation and Begg’s regression intercept tests. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.Results: We used a total of 25 primary studies in our review. The pooled overall health professionals’ intention to leave their job was 59.05% (95% CI; 54.35, 63.74%) with a range from 39%-83.7%. Sex (AOR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.31 -2.18), job or work environment (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.05–6.29), payment or any benefit (AOR: 7.37, 95%CI: 2.89-18.79), supervision and evaluation (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.27–3.93), appraisal and recognition (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.62-4.41) and organizational commitment (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.04–3.48) were the significant factors.Conclusion and recommendation: The results reveal a significant intention among health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. To counter this trend, it is advised to cultivate a positive workplace environment, implement effective monitoring and evaluation systems, and offer ample career development opportunities.
背景：离职意向是指员工有意或计划离开现有工作岗位，另谋高就。这一意向是潜在离职行为的早期指标。值得注意的是，国内尚无全面的全国性数据揭示与这一现象相关的程度和潜在因素：研究埃塞俄比亚公共卫生机构卫生专业人员的离职意向及其决定因素：方法：使用 PubMed、CINHAL、Science Direct 和 HINARI 等数据库搜索相关研究，并使用 Google Scholar 查阅灰色文献。本综述涵盖已发表和未发表的研究，这些研究均以英语撰写，包含定量数据，重点关注埃塞俄比亚卫生专业人员的离职意向。所有必要数据均由两位独立作者提取，并导入 STATA 14.0 版进行分析。使用 χ2 和 I2 检验检查异质性。通过 Egger 相关性检验和 Begg 回归截距检验来检查发表偏倚。采用随机效应模型进行了荟萃分析：我们共使用了 25 项主要研究。汇总的卫生专业人员离职意向总体为 59.05% (95% CI; 54.35, 63.74%)，范围在 39%-83.7% 之间。性别（AOR：1.69，95%CI：1.31 -2.18）、工作或工作环境（AOR：3.59，95%CI：2.05-6.29）、薪酬或任何福利（AOR：7.37，95%CI：2.89-18.79）、监督和评估（AOR：2.99，95%CI：2.结论和建议：研究结果表明，埃塞俄比亚的医疗卫生专业人员离职意愿强烈。为扭转这一趋势，建议营造积极的工作环境，实施有效的监测和评估系统，并提供充足的职业发展机会。
{"title":"Health professionals’ intention to leave their job from public health facilities and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Getachew Assefa Zenebe, Abinet Meno, T. L. Lerango","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intention to leave describes an employee’s intention or plan to leave their current job and seek alternative employment opportunities. This intention serves as an early indicator of potential turnover behavior. Notably, no comprehensive national data in the country reveals the extent and underlying factors associated with this phenomenon.Objective: To examine health professionals’ intention to leave their jobs in public health facilities and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods: Studies were searched for using databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Science Direct, and HINARI, while Google Scholar was utilized for accessing gray literature. This review covers both published and unpublished studies containing quantitative data written in English, focusing on the intention of health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. All necessary data were extracted by two independent authors and imported into STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Heterogeneity was checked by using a χ2 and I2 tests. Publication bias was examined by performing Egger’s correlation and Begg’s regression intercept tests. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.Results: We used a total of 25 primary studies in our review. The pooled overall health professionals’ intention to leave their job was 59.05% (95% CI; 54.35, 63.74%) with a range from 39%-83.7%. Sex (AOR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.31 -2.18), job or work environment (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.05–6.29), payment or any benefit (AOR: 7.37, 95%CI: 2.89-18.79), supervision and evaluation (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.27–3.93), appraisal and recognition (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.62-4.41) and organizational commitment (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.04–3.48) were the significant factors.Conclusion and recommendation: The results reveal a significant intention among health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. To counter this trend, it is advised to cultivate a positive workplace environment, implement effective monitoring and evaluation systems, and offer ample career development opportunities.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Guiga, Wissal ben Yahia, Atef Benabdelkader, Amel Amara, Maissa Thabet, Maissa Omrani, Ansar Mefteh, Bechir Ben Radhia, A. Atig, N. Ghannouchi
Background: Chondrosarcoma is a relatively common primary malignant bone tumor, with the sternum being an unusual location. When this tumor arises in the sternum, clinicians encounter diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Indeed, the sternal location warrants attention due to its potential for local invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Nonetheless, optimal treatment strategies remain contentious, hampered by the limited number of reported cases and a scarcity of dedicated research on sternal chondrosarcomas.Case presentation: A 82-year-old male, presented with sternal pain. CT scan, revealed loss of sternal continuity and a destructive mixed lesion involving the sternal body with extensive cortical lysis and infiltration of adjacent soft tissues. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of grade II chondrosarcoma without evidence of metastasis. The patient underwent surgical resection due to the absence of metastasis.Discussion: sternal chondrosarcoma is a relatively frequent primary malignant bone tumor.Imaging techniques, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans, play a crucial role in diagnosis. Management of this tumor involves surgical resection with the goal of complete tumor removal. Prognosis depends on factors such as cancer stage, histological grade, tumor size, presence of metastases, and response to treatment. High grade and larger tumors, the presence of metastases are associated with a poorer prognosis.
{"title":"Chondrosarcoma of the sternum: A rare and challenging entity","authors":"A. Guiga, Wissal ben Yahia, Atef Benabdelkader, Amel Amara, Maissa Thabet, Maissa Omrani, Ansar Mefteh, Bechir Ben Radhia, A. Atig, N. Ghannouchi","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chondrosarcoma is a relatively common primary malignant bone tumor, with the sternum being an unusual location. When this tumor arises in the sternum, clinicians encounter diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Indeed, the sternal location warrants attention due to its potential for local invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Nonetheless, optimal treatment strategies remain contentious, hampered by the limited number of reported cases and a scarcity of dedicated research on sternal chondrosarcomas.Case presentation: A 82-year-old male, presented with sternal pain. CT scan, revealed loss of sternal continuity and a destructive mixed lesion involving the sternal body with extensive cortical lysis and infiltration of adjacent soft tissues. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of grade II chondrosarcoma without evidence of metastasis. The patient underwent surgical resection due to the absence of metastasis.Discussion: sternal chondrosarcoma is a relatively frequent primary malignant bone tumor.Imaging techniques, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans, play a crucial role in diagnosis. Management of this tumor involves surgical resection with the goal of complete tumor removal. Prognosis depends on factors such as cancer stage, histological grade, tumor size, presence of metastases, and response to treatment. High grade and larger tumors, the presence of metastases are associated with a poorer prognosis.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bezawit Woldaregay Wagaye, T. Leulseged, Mebratu Abera Gurara, Betelhem Tiruneh Gebremedhin, Yared Adane Minas, Yonas H Gebeyehu, Zekarias Tadele Alemneh, Thomas Tadesse Meshesha, Nathnael Tesfa Lisanu, S. W. Beza
Background: Healthcare professional motivation is crucial for delivering high-quality healthcare in any setting. However, low motivation is a significant challenge in developing countries like Ethiopia, where workforce shortages and a weak healthcare system strain to handle an increasing patient flow.This study aimed to assess the motivation levels and associated factors among healthcare professionals working at ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 among 293 healthcare professionals. Participants were selected from the pool of permanent hospital employees who were actively working at the time of the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Motivation level was assessed using 23 questions under 7 constructs that are measured on a five-point likert scale and finally reported as a standardized percentage of scale maximum (% SM). To identify factors associated with motivation level, a multiple linear regression analysis was run at 5% level of significance, where regression coefficient (β) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to interpret significant results.Results: The participants' job motivation level was 41.6% (95%CI: 39.8-43.6%). Being a doctor was associated with a significantly lower level of motivation than nurses (β=-7.94, 95%CI=-11.80, -4.07, p<0.001). On the other hand, significantly high motivation levels were associated with having a managerial role (β=3.95, 95% CI=0.74,7.15, p=0.016), availability of adequate resources for effective work performance (β=2.77, 95% CI=1.27,4.27, p<0.0001), and low practice of subjective performance appraisal system (β=2.41, 95%CI=1.02,3.79, p=0.001).Conclusion: The healthcare professionals' level of motivation was moderate. Designing interventions to minimize workload, and improve decision making power, resources availability, and performance appraisal system is crucial. Further multi-center study using a mixed-methods design is essential to gain an in-depth understanding and reach a more generalizable finding.
{"title":"Healthcare professionals’ job motivation in a federal hospital in Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study","authors":"Bezawit Woldaregay Wagaye, T. Leulseged, Mebratu Abera Gurara, Betelhem Tiruneh Gebremedhin, Yared Adane Minas, Yonas H Gebeyehu, Zekarias Tadele Alemneh, Thomas Tadesse Meshesha, Nathnael Tesfa Lisanu, S. W. Beza","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare professional motivation is crucial for delivering high-quality healthcare in any setting. However, low motivation is a significant challenge in developing countries like Ethiopia, where workforce shortages and a weak healthcare system strain to handle an increasing patient flow.This study aimed to assess the motivation levels and associated factors among healthcare professionals working at ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 among 293 healthcare professionals. Participants were selected from the pool of permanent hospital employees who were actively working at the time of the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Motivation level was assessed using 23 questions under 7 constructs that are measured on a five-point likert scale and finally reported as a standardized percentage of scale maximum (% SM). To identify factors associated with motivation level, a multiple linear regression analysis was run at 5% level of significance, where regression coefficient (β) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to interpret significant results.Results: The participants' job motivation level was 41.6% (95%CI: 39.8-43.6%). Being a doctor was associated with a significantly lower level of motivation than nurses (β=-7.94, 95%CI=-11.80, -4.07, p<0.001). On the other hand, significantly high motivation levels were associated with having a managerial role (β=3.95, 95% CI=0.74,7.15, p=0.016), availability of adequate resources for effective work performance (β=2.77, 95% CI=1.27,4.27, p<0.0001), and low practice of subjective performance appraisal system (β=2.41, 95%CI=1.02,3.79, p=0.001).Conclusion: The healthcare professionals' level of motivation was moderate. Designing interventions to minimize workload, and improve decision making power, resources availability, and performance appraisal system is crucial. Further multi-center study using a mixed-methods design is essential to gain an in-depth understanding and reach a more generalizable finding.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temesgen Muche Ewunie, Eden Ashenafi, Abriham Shiferaw, Daniel Sisay, Getachew Assefa, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, S. Desalegn
Background: Nutrient deficiencies are a public health concern among pregnant women in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrients among pregnant women in Dilla, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. We employed a day-weighted food record method among 71 pregnant mothers. All the foods consumed by pregnant women were weighed using digital weight scales. Data collectors and supervisors were trained in data collection techniquesand procedures. Calibration of equipment and standardized techniques were used to minimize random anthropometric measurement errors. Data entry was done using SPSS version 25 and NutriSurvey2007 and exported to Intake, Monitoring Assessment and Planning Program (IMAPP) software to estimate the usual nutrient intake and prevalence of nutrient inadequacy.Results: The current study indicated that energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes (iron, folic acid, and calcium) among pregnant women in the study area were low as compared to the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reference nutrient intake. The inadequacy of selected micronutrient intakes such as vitamin-A, vitamin-C, iron, calcium, and zinc for pregnant women by comparing usual nutrient intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutoff point. Calcium, vitamin-C, and vitamin-A deficiency were prevalent in 98.47, 95.52, and 72.28 percent of the population, respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of risk of nutrient inadequacy (calcium, vitamin-A, and vitamin-C) among pregnant mothers was high. Therefore, multiple micronutrient supplementation and provision of nutrient-dense food-based interventions need to be considered. Furthermore, multisectoral collaboration on the nutrition-sensitive and specificity intervention is also needed
{"title":"Dietary adequacy among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia. A weighted food record study","authors":"Temesgen Muche Ewunie, Eden Ashenafi, Abriham Shiferaw, Daniel Sisay, Getachew Assefa, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, S. Desalegn","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutrient deficiencies are a public health concern among pregnant women in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrients among pregnant women in Dilla, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. We employed a day-weighted food record method among 71 pregnant mothers. All the foods consumed by pregnant women were weighed using digital weight scales. Data collectors and supervisors were trained in data collection techniquesand procedures. Calibration of equipment and standardized techniques were used to minimize random anthropometric measurement errors. Data entry was done using SPSS version 25 and NutriSurvey2007 and exported to Intake, Monitoring Assessment and Planning Program (IMAPP) software to estimate the usual nutrient intake and prevalence of nutrient inadequacy.Results: The current study indicated that energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes (iron, folic acid, and calcium) among pregnant women in the study area were low as compared to the World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reference nutrient intake. The inadequacy of selected micronutrient intakes such as vitamin-A, vitamin-C, iron, calcium, and zinc for pregnant women by comparing usual nutrient intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) cutoff point. Calcium, vitamin-C, and vitamin-A deficiency were prevalent in 98.47, 95.52, and 72.28 percent of the population, respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of risk of nutrient inadequacy (calcium, vitamin-A, and vitamin-C) among pregnant mothers was high. Therefore, multiple micronutrient supplementation and provision of nutrient-dense food-based interventions need to be considered. Furthermore, multisectoral collaboration on the nutrition-sensitive and specificity intervention is also needed","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Otitis media is a pervasive childhood problem posing great healthcare challenges in developing countries. The magnitude of the problem and the lack of appropriate data about the prevalence, common etiologic agents, and the risk factors responsible for otitis media among children in Eritrea have encouraged us to undertake the present study.Methods: A total of 366 ear discharge samples were collected by an Otorhinolaryngologist. All collected samples were screened by using appropriate media and conditions that favor the growth of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done to record the sensitivity and resistance of bacteria by the disc diffusion method. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using standard and structured questionnaires and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.Results: Of 400, 366 (91.5%) samples were with Otitis media and 305 showed the presence of bacteria (83.33%). The most common pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Hemophilus influenza and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the infection is more common in lower-aged children, daycare attendees, and big families. All are statistically significant (P-value 0.003), (P-value 0.036) (p<0.000), respectively. H.influenza, P.aeruginosa, and S.aureus showed good sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin, which was 85.5%, 100%, and 68.1% respectively.Conclusion: Of 400, 366 (91.5%) samples were with Otitis media and 305 showed the presence of bacteria (83.33%). The most common pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Hemophilus influenza and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the infection is more common in lower-aged children, daycare attendees, and big families. All are statistically significant (P-value 0.003), (P-value 0.036) (p<0.000), respectively. H.influenza, P.aeruginosa, and S.aureus showed good sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin, which was 85.5%, 100%, and 68.1% respectively.
{"title":"Identification of common bacterial etiologic agents, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern & associated risk factors of Otitis media among pediatric patients of ENT Center of Orotta National Referral Hospital","authors":"Khawaja Shakeel Ahmed, Matiwos Araya, Yordanos Kessete, Armana G/Her, Dawit Kessete, Eden A/ Mariam, Fyori Mhretab, Miriam Mogos, Zebib G/Micael","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otitis media is a pervasive childhood problem posing great healthcare challenges in developing countries. The magnitude of the problem and the lack of appropriate data about the prevalence, common etiologic agents, and the risk factors responsible for otitis media among children in Eritrea have encouraged us to undertake the present study.Methods: A total of 366 ear discharge samples were collected by an Otorhinolaryngologist. All collected samples were screened by using appropriate media and conditions that favor the growth of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done to record the sensitivity and resistance of bacteria by the disc diffusion method. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using standard and structured questionnaires and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.Results: Of 400, 366 (91.5%) samples were with Otitis media and 305 showed the presence of bacteria (83.33%). The most common pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Hemophilus influenza and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the infection is more common in lower-aged children, daycare attendees, and big families. All are statistically significant (P-value 0.003), (P-value 0.036) (p<0.000), respectively. H.influenza, P.aeruginosa, and S.aureus showed good sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin, which was 85.5%, 100%, and 68.1% respectively.Conclusion: Of 400, 366 (91.5%) samples were with Otitis media and 305 showed the presence of bacteria (83.33%). The most common pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Hemophilus influenza and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that the infection is more common in lower-aged children, daycare attendees, and big families. All are statistically significant (P-value 0.003), (P-value 0.036) (p<0.000), respectively. H.influenza, P.aeruginosa, and S.aureus showed good sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin, which was 85.5%, 100%, and 68.1% respectively.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamena Mwana-yile Hassan, Hanane Badi, Houda Lahrichi, Ouiame El Fadel, L. Marih, Moustapha Sodqi, Abdellaoui Soussi, K. M. El Filali
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the first cause of acute focal encephalitis with necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma in children and adults, with high morbidity. Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the main cause of herpetic meningitis in adults, with a good evolution. Herpetic meningoencephalitis is rarely caused by HSV-1. We report three observations of PCR-confirmed HSV-1 meningoencephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid in young immunocompetent adults aged 27, 53, and 58. They presented with a meningoencephalitis picture consisting of a meningeal syndrome and encephalic involvement. Lumbar puncture confirmed lymphocytic clear-fluid meningitis, with a median white blood cell count of 97, red blood cell count of 69, proteinorachia of 0.78, and glycorachia of 0.62. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging is the gold-standard neuroimaging technique in the management of herpetic meningoencephalitis. Early initiation of acyclovir has contributed significantly to improved patient outcomes and prognosis. Herpetic meningoencephalitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, with a very poor functional prognosis, particularly in terms of complications.
{"title":"Herpes simplex virus-1 herpetic meningoencephalitis in Adults: Three cases in Casablanca, Morocco","authors":"Kamena Mwana-yile Hassan, Hanane Badi, Houda Lahrichi, Ouiame El Fadel, L. Marih, Moustapha Sodqi, Abdellaoui Soussi, K. M. El Filali","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the first cause of acute focal encephalitis with necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma in children and adults, with high morbidity. Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the main cause of herpetic meningitis in adults, with a good evolution. Herpetic meningoencephalitis is rarely caused by HSV-1. We report three observations of PCR-confirmed HSV-1 meningoencephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid in young immunocompetent adults aged 27, 53, and 58. They presented with a meningoencephalitis picture consisting of a meningeal syndrome and encephalic involvement. Lumbar puncture confirmed lymphocytic clear-fluid meningitis, with a median white blood cell count of 97, red blood cell count of 69, proteinorachia of 0.78, and glycorachia of 0.62. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging is the gold-standard neuroimaging technique in the management of herpetic meningoencephalitis. Early initiation of acyclovir has contributed significantly to improved patient outcomes and prognosis. Herpetic meningoencephalitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, with a very poor functional prognosis, particularly in terms of complications.","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Prior studies indicated increased antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia, with related health, economic, and environmental costs. Knowing an institutions and population microbiologic profile allows for proper antibiotic treatment, which substantially impact patients’ outcomes such as healthcare related costs, morbidity, and mortality. The current study assessed the bacteriologic profile, resistance pattern, and treatment outcome in Lancet General Hospital. Method: A retrospective cohort study on the bacteriologic profile, antibiotics resistance pattern, and outcome of patients was done on 128 eligible patients who were admitted to Lancet General Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Data from all hospitalized patients with culture-confirmed infection were analyzed. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Association between independent and dependent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression model. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were recovered in 77% of the cases. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 37.5% (54) isolates and carbapenem resistant bacteria were identified in 27.8% of patients. In-hospital mortality from multidrug resistant bacterial infection was 14.8%. Age ≥ 65 years, presence of septic shock, and presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: High number of resistant microorganisms was isolated, and increased mortality was documented from infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Multi-center studies should be done to determine the extent of resistant organisms in health facilities throughout the country.epidemiology, and the findings should be factored into clinical decision making and program design for disease prevention, screening, and treatment. It also calls for further prospective research to learn more about the conditions in the context of additional relevant personal and clinical characteristics
{"title":"Bacteriologic Profile, Antibiotics Resistance Pattern, and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to Lancet General Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Zekewos Demissie, Serkalem Nurlegn, Nahom Zemedkun, Yidnekachew Demssis, Bethel Mekuriya, Eyob Beyene, Seifemichael Getachew, Desalew Mekonnen, Yohannes Birhanu, Brook Alemayehu, Nebiyat Sileshi, Gelila Sintayehu, D. Admasu, Kibruyisfaw Zewdie","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prior studies indicated increased antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia, with related health, economic, and environmental costs. Knowing an institutions and population microbiologic profile allows for proper antibiotic treatment, which substantially impact patients’ outcomes such as healthcare related costs, morbidity, and mortality. The current study assessed the bacteriologic profile, resistance pattern, and treatment outcome in Lancet General Hospital. \u0000Method: A retrospective cohort study on the bacteriologic profile, antibiotics resistance pattern, and outcome of patients was done on 128 eligible patients who were admitted to Lancet General Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Data from all hospitalized patients with culture-confirmed infection were analyzed. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Association between independent and dependent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression model. \u0000Results: Gram-negative bacteria were recovered in 77% of the cases. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in 37.5% (54) isolates and carbapenem resistant bacteria were identified in 27.8% of patients. In-hospital mortality from multidrug resistant bacterial infection was 14.8%. Age ≥ 65 years, presence of septic shock, and presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality. \u0000Conclusion: High number of resistant microorganisms was isolated, and increased mortality was documented from infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Multi-center studies should be done to determine the extent of resistant organisms in health facilities throughout the country.epidemiology, and the findings should be factored into clinical decision making and program design for disease prevention, screening, and treatment. It also calls for further prospective research to learn more about the conditions in the context of additional relevant personal and clinical characteristics ","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Mohammadzadeh, Mozhgan Khanderoo, A. Abbasnezhad, Mohammad Ghorbani, Sina Nasrollahian, Reyhaneh Noorizadeh, Jalal Mardaneh
Background: Brucellosis is a major health and economic problem in many parts of the world, including the Middle East. Blood disorders such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia can be seen in brucellosis. However, laboratory findings of this disease are different. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in people with brucellosis in Gonabad community health centers. Methods: During the 4 years from May 2016 to May 2019, a prospective study was performed on 221 patients with brucellosis. According to the national guidelines for brucellosis, titers greater than 1/80 for Wright and more than 1/40 for 2-ME were considered positive cases of brucellosis. Using the checklist, information related to CBC, CRP, and ESR test parameters was collected. Results: The results showed that out of 221 patients studied, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female. The mean age was 44.9±19.8 years for men and 49.3±17.3 years for females. High ESR was seen in 43.4% and positive CRP in 59.7% of patients. Leukopenia in 8.6%, leukocytosis in 9%, neutropenia in 6.8%, neutrophilia in 9.5%, lymphopenia in 3.6%, lymphocytosis in 10%, anemia in 17.2% and thrombocytopenia in 9.5% of patients were seen. Conclusion: Brucellosis in endemic areas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with thrombocytopenia. Also in high Wright titers, CRP is a more valuable indicator than ESR.
{"title":"Complete Blood Count, C-reactive Protein, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Changes in People with Brucellosis","authors":"Alireza Mohammadzadeh, Mozhgan Khanderoo, A. Abbasnezhad, Mohammad Ghorbani, Sina Nasrollahian, Reyhaneh Noorizadeh, Jalal Mardaneh","doi":"10.4314/emj.v62i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/emj.v62i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucellosis is a major health and economic problem in many parts of the world, including the Middle East. Blood disorders such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia can be seen in brucellosis. However, laboratory findings of this disease are different. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in people with brucellosis in Gonabad community health centers. \u0000Methods: During the 4 years from May 2016 to May 2019, a prospective study was performed on 221 patients with brucellosis. According to the national guidelines for brucellosis, titers greater than 1/80 for Wright and more than 1/40 for 2-ME were considered positive cases of brucellosis. Using the checklist, information related to CBC, CRP, and ESR test parameters was collected. \u0000Results: The results showed that out of 221 patients studied, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female. The mean age was 44.9±19.8 years for men and 49.3±17.3 years for females. High ESR was seen in 43.4% and positive CRP in 59.7% of patients. Leukopenia in 8.6%, leukocytosis in 9%, neutropenia in 6.8%, neutrophilia in 9.5%, lymphopenia in 3.6%, lymphocytosis in 10%, anemia in 17.2% and thrombocytopenia in 9.5% of patients were seen. \u0000Conclusion: Brucellosis in endemic areas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with thrombocytopenia. Also in high Wright titers, CRP is a more valuable indicator than ESR. ","PeriodicalId":11937,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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