缓解城市的山洪暴发:排水还是收获?

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI:10.2166/ws.2024.023
Tebogo V. Siphambe, Abdurrahman Aliyu, Kawter Souadji, Samuel Ahana Bayongwa, Tiwangye Amans, Hermann Fomena-Tchinda, Pinisikin Yasmina Banaon, Ciniso Sizwe Gina, Hidayat Ame Vuai, Abdikadir Mohamud Farah, Adji Billo Niang, Abdelhak Taicha, Seifeldin Ahmed, Ahmed Bashir, C. Abdelbaki, T. Mwamila, W. Gwenzi, Esther Laurentine Nya, C. Noubactep
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摘要

雨水收集(RWH)主要是收集、储存和利用降雨,否则这些降雨将以地表径流的形式流失。径流有几方面的威胁:加速侵蚀、加剧洪水和减少地下水补给。因此,有目的地将降雨保留在城市水循环中,而不是将其排出,对设计可持续城市有几方面的积极影响。这项工作就如何通过系统收集、储存雨水并将其用于多种用途来避免城市洪涝提出了建议。这里提出的 RWH 概念有可能成为解决与山洪暴发相关的社会、经济和环境挑战的重大创新。每个住宅都被视为一个制水单元。根据气候条件,人们可以满足当地家庭的用水需求,或者使用自来水作为补充。通过雨水渗透,地下水在当地得到补充,下游水井的产量也会提高。这一想法的实施涉及到挑战现有结构而不是适应现有结构的创业机构。显然,社会创业和社会创新有望推动这一社会创新的实现,在农村地区也是如此。这就是要调动思想、能力和资源,创造可持续的社会变革。
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Mitigating flash flooding in the city: Drain or harvest?
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is principally based on collecting, storing, and using rainfall which would otherwise be lost as surface runoff. Runoff threatens in several ways: accelerating erosion, intensifying flooding, and reducing groundwater recharge. Therefore, purposely retaining rainfall in the urban water cycle rather than draining has several positive impacts on designing sustainable cities. This work presents a proposal on how to avoid flooding in cities by systematically harvesting, storing rainwater, and using it for multiple purposes. The concept of RWH presented here has the potential to be a radical innovation to solve the social, economic, and environmental challenges associated with flash flooding. Each residence is regarded as a water production unit. Depending on the climatic conditions, people can meet their water needs on a local household basis, or alternatively use piped water as a complement. By infiltrating rainwater, groundwater is locally recharged and downstream wells are more productive. The implementation of this idea involves entrepreneurial agency that challenges existing structures, rather than adapting to them. Clearly, social entrepreneurship and social innovation are expected to catalyse the realization of this social innovation, also in rural areas. It is about mobilizing ideas, capacities, and resources to create a sustainable social transformation.
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