The Influence of the HIIT and Aerobic Training Programs on Body Composition.

Purpose: According to studies, the increased risk of obesity in today's general population is mainly caused by insufficient physical activity. In this study, we compared the effect of two types of endurance training. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic (continuous) load training and their impact on selected aspects of body composition. Methods: This study included women (n = 14; 32 years old; height 166.3cm; weight 62.5kg) divided into two groups of seven participants. The tested groups were selected by a deliberate selection of 7 probands, training thrice a week for ten weeks. An entrance and exit examination was conducted using non-invasive techniques (anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis – bioimpedance analysis). A paired T-test (p < 0.05) was used for parameter analysis. Cohen's d was used to assess material significance. Results: Despite the small sample of tested women, better results were achieved in the group implementing the high-intensity interval training. However, these data do not allow for assessing a statistically significant difference between the two types of training methods in reducing the percentage of body fat. Changes in monitored parameters were thus evaluated as statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Despite the relevant results, better results were achieved in the HIIT intervention program. The limiting factors of the study were a small research sample with a deliberate selection and insufficient possibility to control eating habits. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay attention to the higher readiness and motivation of the participants. High-intensity interval training, thanks to its variability and low time requirement, proved to be a suitable exercise program for changing body composition not only in people with obesity but also in the adult population in general.