咸海的生态问题和生态恢复区划

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Arid Land Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s40333-024-0055-6
Anming Bao, Tao Yu, Wenqiang Xu, Jiaqiang Lei, Guli Jiapaer, Xi Chen, Tojibaev Komiljon, Shomurodov Khabibullo, Xabibullaev B. Sagidullaevich, Idirisov Kamalatdin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

咸海曾是世界第四大湖,但由于人类的不合理活动,咸海面积急剧缩小,引发了 "咸海生态危机"。咸海的生态问题引起了广泛关注,中亚五国(哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和土库曼斯坦)就缓解咸海生态危机达成了共识。在过去的几十年里,为恢复咸海的生态,实施了许多生态管理措施。然而,由于缺乏区域规划和分区,结果并不理想。在这项研究中,我们根据土壤类型、土壤盐度、地表水、地下水位、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)、土地覆盖和气溶胶光学深度(AOD)数据,从生态恢复的角度绘制了咸海生态分区图。土壤盐碱化和盐尘是咸海最突出的生态问题。咸海被划分为七个一级生态修复分区(锡尔河下游北咸海集水区(分区 I);咸海下游人工洪水泛滥区(分区 II);南咸海东部盐尘源区物理/化学修复区(分区 III));南咸海中部严重盐碱化物理/化学修复区(分区 IV);南咸海现有水面和潜在恢复区(分区 V);咸海植被自然恢复区(分区 VI);南咸海轻度盐碱化植被种植区(分区 VII));以及根据生态分区原则确定的 14 个二级生态恢复分区。每个生态恢复分区都提出了可实施的措施。对于海拔较低的分区 I 和分区 II,应进行人工泄洪,以恢复咸海海面。分区 III 和分区 IV 土壤盐碱化严重,植被难以生长。建议在这些次区域覆盖和铺设绿色生物基质覆盖层和环境可持续的粘合材料。在位于南咸海中部和西部的 V 分区,应增加地表水补给,以确保该分区能保持正常水位。在自然条件适合植被生长的 VI 分区和 VII 分区,应采取植树造林和缓冲区等措施保护植被。这项研究可为今后咸海的全面生态管理和恢复提供参考依据。
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Ecological problems and ecological restoration zoning of the Aral Sea

The Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world but it has shrunk dramatically as a result of irrational human activities, triggering the “Aral Sea ecological crisis”. The ecological problems of the Aral Sea have attracted widespread attention, and the alleviation of the Aral Sea ecological crisis has reached a consensus among the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan). In the past decades, many ecological management measures have been implemented for the ecological restoration of the Aral Sea. However, due to the lack of regional planning and zoning, the results are not ideal. In this study, we mapped the ecological zoning of the Aral Sea from the perspective of ecological restoration based on soil type, soil salinity, surface water, groundwater table, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data. Soil salinization and salt dust are the most prominent ecological problems in the Aral Sea. The Aral Sea was divided into seven first-level ecological restoration subregions (North Aral Sea catchment area in the downstream of the Syr Darya River (Subregion I); artificial flood overflow areas downstream of the Aral Sea (Subregion II); physical/chemical remediation area of the salt dust source area in the eastern part of the South Aral Sea (Subregion III); physical/chemical remediation areas of severe salinization in the central part of the South Aral Sea (Subregion IV); existing water surface and potential restoration areas of the South Aral Sea (Subregion V); Aral Sea vegetation natural recovery area (Subregion VI); and vegetation planting areas with light salinity in the South Aral Sea (Subregion VII)) and 14 second-level ecological restoration subregions according to the ecological zoning principles. Implementable measures are proposed for each ecological restoration subregion. For Subregion I and Subregion II with lower elevations, artificial flooding should be carried out to restore the surface of the Aral Sea. Subregion III and Subregion IV have severe soil salinization, making it difficult for vegetation to grow. In these subregions, it is recommended to cover and pave the areas with green biomatrix coverings and environmentally sustainable bonding materials. In Subregion V located in the central and western parts of the South Aral Sea, surface water recharge should be increased to ensure that this subregion can maintain normal water levels. In Subregion VI and Subregion VII where natural conditions are suitable for vegetation growth, measures such as afforestation and buffer zones should be implemented to protect vegetation. This study could provide a reference basis for future comprehensive ecological management and restoration of the Aral Sea.

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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
768
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Land is an international peer-reviewed journal co-sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press. It aims to meet the needs of researchers, students and practitioners in sustainable development and eco-environmental management, focusing on the arid and semi-arid lands in Central Asia and the world at large. The Journal covers such topics as the dynamics of natural resources (including water, soil and land, organism and climate), the security and sustainable development of natural resources, and the environment and the ecology in arid and semi-arid lands, especially in Central Asia. Coverage also includes interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, and the relationship between these natural processes and human activities. Also discussed are patterns of geography, ecology and environment; ecological improvement and environmental protection; and regional responses and feedback mechanisms to global change. The Journal of Arid Land also presents reviews, brief communications, trends and book reviews of work on these topics.
期刊最新文献
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